The invention relates to a centralized cooling and heating system for canteens based on vapor compression heat pump technology, which mainly includes compressors, outdoor heat exchangers, indoor condensers, canteen heating equipment, canteen cooling equipment, oil fume purifiers, casing type Heat exchangers, evaporators in refrigerators, evaporators in air conditioners, etc. Compared with the prior art, the present invention can significantly increase the heat production of the system and meet the heating demand of the canteen in winter. In winter, the central heating system is adopted, and the vapor compression heat pump technology is used to recover the waste heat from kitchen exhaust, which greatly improves the heating efficiency. At the same time, the capillary heat exchanger is used to improve the heat utilization efficiency of the terminal. In summer, a central cooling system is adopted to meet the cooling demand of the canteen and avoid heat dissipation from the refrigerator in the storage room to the room. The system has high efficiency, remarkable energy-saving effect, and fully considers the heating and cooling requirements of the cafeteria. It has many functions, flexible configuration, and strong practicability.