A train tracking approaching early warning method for a high speed railway comprises the following steps that (1) in a zone covered by GPS signals, transponders arranged on a railway line are used as electronic tags to establish a full railway GPS locating line basic database, in a zone which is not covered by the GPS signals, the transponders and inertial navigators and gyroscopes located on a train are combined as the electronic tags, then a GPS is combined to form a comprehensive multiple locating mode, and seamless continuous locating of the zone covered by the GPS signals and the zone which is not covered by the GPS signals is achieved; (2) train-mounted devices are mounted on the train, on one hand, the train-mounted devices receive GPS locating information, on the other hand the train-mounted devices obtain the train running state information, finally train position information is obtained, and then the train-mounted devices send the obtained train position information to ground equipment through wireless networks; (3) an early warning system is established on the ground, the early warning system carries out logic judgment on relative positions among trains according to the received train position information which is provided by the train-mounted devices, and the tracking relation among the trains is sent to the train-mounted devices according to judgment results to achieve the train tracking approaching early warning function.