The invention relates to an assembly type tailing dam and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of mine engineering. The tailing dam mainly comprises a plain concrete cushion layer, a water-permeable cushion layer, building block concrete, a drainage gallery, a dam foundation drainage hole, a dam top concrete protection layer, a flood control wall, an orifice drainage plate and the like. A dam body of the tailing dam is mainly built by using the building block concrete in a certain sequence, the cross section of the dam body is of a composite ladder shape, and building blocks are bonded and connected through cement paste. In order to improve the permeability of tailing sand on the upstream side of the dam body, horizontal drainage plates are laid on the sand facing surface of the building block dam body, water in the tailing sand can permeate into a hoisting hole through the drainage plates, and then the water can be gathered into the drainage gallery and discharged. According to the tailing dam, waste stone produced by mining can be fully utilized to cast the concrete building blocks, so that the building block dam body is high in safety performance, the building blocks are convenient for industrial production, the quality is easy to control, the building efficiency is high, the tailing dam is little influenced by climate and can be built layer by layer and constructed by stages, and the tailing dam is economical and environmentally friendly.