The invention discloses a reconfigurable unit supporting multiple working modes and the working modes thereof. The reconfigurable unit is characterized by comprising a control layer, an arithmetic layer and a storage layer; the control layer comprises a state layer interface, a configuration layer interface, a data layer interface, an address generator and a controller; the arithmetic layer comprises an arithmetic device; the storage layer comprises a source operand cache unit and a destination operand cache unit. The working modes of the reconfigurable arithmetic unit comprise the storage arithmetic mode, the pulse arithmetic mode and the stream arithmetic mode, and higher flexibility is provided for algorithm mapping of a computing system. When task mapping is carried out in the computing system, the specific working modes of the reconfigurable arithmetic unit can be selected according to specific features and the bottleneck of the algorithm to be mapped and in combination with specific conditions of network communication and storage bandwidth in the computing system, therefore, the arithmetic throughput capacity and network communication and storage access pressure are considered, and the working efficiency of the whole system is improved.