The invention discloses a method for producing nickel-based steel from high-phosphorus molten iron, and relates to the technical field of steel smelting. By adopting converter smelting, the P contentof used molten iron is 0.130% to 0.150%, by adopting a method of slag retention at the early stage and double slag at the later stage, the final smelting temperature is 1580-1620 DEG C, in the middleand later periods of smelting, the bottom stirring flow is 350-400 NL/min, the final slag alkalinity is 4.0, the final slag control amount is 10-12 tons, the converter decarburization rate is larger than or equal to 99%, and the dephosphorization rate is larger than or equal to 96%; and through LF refining, RH vacuum treatment, arc continuous casting machine pouring, by adopting TMCP rolling and ACC water cooling to 300 +/-20 DEG C, air cooling is performed to room temperature, a steel plate is heated to 550 +/-10 DEG C, tempering is performed for 3*h min, and air cooling is performed to roomtemperature. The converter process is optimized, a product is conveyed to a heating furnace to be heated after vacuum treatment and casting of an arc-shaped continuous casting machine, TMCP rolling and ACC water cooling are adopted, and after tempering treatment, performance detection is qualified.