220 results about "Gold foil" patented technology

The invention discloses a cathode roller with a honeycomb surface structure. A precise honeycomb micro-pattern structure is arranged on the surface of the cathode roller. The invention also discloses a method for manufacturing alloy foil by using the cathode roller, which comprises the following steps: dissolving ferric salt in ultrapure water to obtain a ferric salt solution; dissolving nickel salt in ultrapure water to obtain a nickel salt solution; mixing the two solutions and filtering; preparing various additive solutions, mixing all the additive solutions with the obtained iron-nickel solution to obtain an electrolyte, filtering the electrolyte, and transferring the filtered electrolyte into an electrolytic cell of a crude foil engine; and applying current to a cathode roller and an anode plate which are separately arranged in the electrolytic bath, electrically depositing iron and nickel on the surface of the cathode roller, and rolling through a roll-to-roll process to obtain the iron-nickel alloy foil. The alloy foil manufactured by the method has the characteristics of low surface roughness, high tensile strength and high ductility.

The invention relates to the technical field of iron-nickel alloy foil preparation, and discloses a low-curl iron-nickel alloy foil suitable for an all-solid-state battery and a preparation method of the low-curl iron-nickel alloy foil. The electrolyte solution is added into an electrolytic cell, and current is applied to the electrolyte solution; the method comprises the following steps: depositing an iron-nickel alloy on the surface of a cathode roller, stripping to obtain an iron-nickel alloy foil, carrying out electrophoresis on the iron-nickel alloy foil by using a magnesium oxide electrophoresis solution in an electrophoresis cell to form a magnesium oxide coating on the iron-nickel alloy foil, cleaning with an acid solution, and carrying out electrochemical fluorination treatment on the iron-nickel alloy foil to obtain the magnesium oxide coating on the iron-nickel alloy foil. Forming a fluorinated layer on the magnesium oxide coating; and the iron-nickel alloy foil is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature not exceeding 600 DEG C in a heat treatment chamber, and the iron-nickel alloy foil is obtained after cooling. The high-quality iron-nickel invar iron-nickel alloy foil can solve the curling problem and is suitable for all-solid-state batteries.

The invention provides a copper-nickel alloy foil and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode current collectors, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a copper-nickel composite electrolyte, and adding a coordination agent, a pH buffer agent and an additive into the copper-nickel composite electrolyte to obtain a mixed electrolyte; the coordination agent comprises a main coordination agent and an auxiliary coordination agent, and the main coordination agent comprises at least one of trisodium citrate, potassium sodium tartrate and sodium pyrophosphate; the auxiliary coordination agent comprises at least one of ammonia water, glycine and triethanolamine; and a cathode and an anode are placed in the mixed electrolyte, the pH of the mixed electrolyte is controlled to be 6-10, direct current is applied for electrochemical deposition, and the copper-nickel alloy foil is obtained. According to the method, the alkalescence system is adopted, the main coordination agent and the auxiliary coordination agent are used, full coordination of free Cu < 2 + > and Ni < 2 + > is achieved, precipitation is avoided, the hydrogen evolution phenomenon is greatly reduced, and the alloy foil quality is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery design and manufacturing processes, in particular to an all-solid-state battery based on a 3D printing technology and a preparation method, and the all-solid-state battery comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a solid electrolyte and a current collector; a positive electrode is composed of lithium cobalt nickel manganese oxide and the like, and a novel conductive agent and a multifunctional modifier are added; the negative electrode is made of a silicon-tin-carbon composite material and the like; the solid electrolyte contains components such as lithium, lanthanum, zirconium, tantalum and oxygen; the current collector is alloy foil and is plated with a specific film, and the material proportion and characteristics of all parts are clear. The unique material formula improves the battery performance, and enhances the energy density and cycle stability; the structure is accurately controlled through the 3D printing technology, and the production efficiency and the battery consistency are improved; the solid electrolyte guarantees safety, reduces hidden dangers, and is beneficial to wide application in multiple fields.

The invention relates to a preparation method of an electrolytic nickel-iron-copper alloy foil, which comprises the following steps: dissolving corresponding salt of an alloy in dilute sulphuric acid, realizing metal coprecipitation through a complexing agent and regulating and controlling the pH value of an electrolyte, and uniformly distributing the metal content of the alloy foil. The mechanical property of the alloy foil is controlled by adopting an additive, and the nickel-iron-copper alloy foil is obtained through direct-current electrolytic electrodeposition. According to the invention, the problems of high cost, complex production process, non-uniform thickness, easy generation of holes and the like, which are caused by a plurality of working procedures in the traditional mechanical rolling method, are solved, and the problems of low tensile strength of the traditional pure copper foil at normal temperature and unstable tensile strength after high-temperature aging are solved; and the problem of thin surface cracking caused by non-uniform metal components of the alloy foil is solved, and the corrosion resistance of the foil layer is improved.

The invention discloses an efficient transfer printing gilding press and a using method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of gilding presses, the efficient transfer printing gilding press comprises a rack, the rack is sequentially provided with an unwinding roller, a gilding device and a winding roller in the in-out direction of paperboards, a processing center is fixedly arranged on the rack, and a cutting assembly used for cutting gilding foil is arranged between the gilding device and the winding roller; a monitoring device is arranged between the pressing device and the cutting assembly, and the unwinding roller and the winding roller are rapidly replaced through a rapid replacement assembly. According to the efficient transfer printing gilding press and the using method thereof, a complete monitoring view of the gilding foil surface is constructed through the industrial camera, and data such as a gilded area and an unused area are accurately recognized in combination with an image processing algorithm based on deep learning; and based on data, the cutting assembly is commanded to divide the hot stamping foil into an available area and a waste area, the utilization rate of the hot stamping foil is increased, and the effects of reducing cost and improving efficiency are achieved.

The invention discloses a porous metal structure and a preparation method thereof, and the preparation method of the porous metal structure comprises the following steps: carrying out first dealloying treatment on an alloy foil to form holes, then carrying out reduction annealing treatment in a reducing gas atmosphere, and then carrying out second dealloying treatment to obtain the porous metal structure. According to the preparation method of the porous metal structure, the residual quantity of relatively active metal in the porous metal structure can be reduced.

The utility model relates to the technical field of UV crystal marks, and discloses a UV crystal mark printer winding device capable of achieving integration of printing, waste discharging, gold blocking and film covering, the UV crystal mark printer winding device comprises a base, an unwinding roller assembly is arranged on one side of the top of the base, and a mounting frame is arranged on the other side of the top of the base. A waste discharge film unwinding and winding assembly, a gold stamping foil unwinding and winding assembly, a transfer film unwinding assembly and a finished product winding roller are sequentially arranged on one side of the mounting frame from top to bottom. Waste discharge, gold stamping and film covering of a film A are completed through the arrangement of the protective film winding roller, the waste discharge film unwinding and winding assembly, the gold stamping foil unwinding and winding assembly and the transfer film unwinding assembly; the problems that in the prior art, only a common scheme exists, and the finished product effect is single are solved.

The invention discloses a nickel-based resistance alloy foil with an adjustable resistance temperature coefficient and a preparation method of the nickel-based resistance alloy foil, and belongs to the technical field of resistance alloy manufacturing. The nickel-based resistance alloy foil is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 19.0 to 20.0 percent of chromium, 2.5 to 3.5 percent of aluminum, 2.0 to 3.0 percent of copper, 0.5 to 2.0 percent of silicon, 0.5 to 1.5 percent of manganese, 0.05 to 0.2 percent of zirconium, 0.05 to 0.1 percent of rare earth and the balance of nickel and inevitable impurities. The thickness of the prepared nickel-based resistance alloy foil reaches 0.0015-0.01 mm, and the resistance temperature coefficient range is (90-42) * 10 <-6 > / DEG C; the resistance temperature coefficient of the alloy can be regulated and controlled through annealing treatment, V-shaped conversion from the positive direction to the negative direction is achieved at the K conversion point of the alloy, and the alloy meets the performance requirements of resistance strain gauges, precision resistors, measuring instruments and other industrial device resistance elements.

Provided is a negative electrode comprising a current collector with tensile strength ranging from about 1,000 MPa to 2,000 MPa and an active material layer. The current collector may be a Fe—Ni alloy foil containing nickel (Ni) from about 10 wt % to 60 wt % with an average grain size of less than 10 nm. An all-solid-state battery including this negative electrode and a method for its preparation are also described. The method involves stacking and isostatic pressing, with specific parameters for pressure, temperature, and time.

The invention discloses a high-entropy alloy foil strip and a laser welding method of a titanium alloy and an aluminum alloy, and belongs to the technical field of dissimilar metal laser welding machining, the high-entropy alloy foil strip is used as a dissimilar metal welding middle layer, and the chemical formula of the high-entropy alloy foil strip is TiaFe2aCo2aNi2aCub; wherein a and b both represent atomic proportionality coefficients, b is a continuous adjustable real number parameter in a [1, 3] interval, and 7a + b = 10. The high-entropy alloy foil strip system has uniqueness in element selection, the proportion of Ti, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu is optimized by combining a Miema model and the metallurgical compatibility of base metal, a stable FCC solid solution can be formed in the welding process, the wettability and the structure stability can be improved, and therefore it is ensured that the performance of a welded joint is improved. A high-entropy alloy foil strip middle layer is introduced between two base materials, the high-entropy effect and the hysteresis diffusion effect are utilized, chemical components of a joint are regulated and controlled, generation of brittle Ti-Al intermetallic compounds in a weld joint is restrained, and therefore the mechanical property of the welded joint is improved.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a lithium-copper composite foil, which comprises the following steps: S1, a lithium-based alloy is selected and rolled to form a lithium alloy foil, and the alloy element in the lithium-based alloy is at least one of magnesium, zinc or aluminum; s2, selecting a piece of copper foil as a supporting framework; and S3, the two pieces of lithium alloy foil and copper foil are stacked together according to the sequence of lithium alloy foil-copper foil-lithium alloy foil, the stacked pieces of lithium alloy foil and copper foil are placed in a roller press to be rolled, metallurgical bonding is formed between the copper foil and the lithium alloy foil, and the lithium-copper composite foil is obtained. The invention adopts release-film-free rolling preparation, aims to solve the problem that lithium metal is easy to stick to a roller due to high viscosity and needs to depend on a high-cost release film in the prior art, simplifies the preparation process of the composite foil, reduces the manufacturing cost, increases the mechanical strength of the lithium-copper alloy foil, reduces the thickness, improves the energy density of the battery, and further improves the product quality and reliability.

The invention discloses a multi-layer heat insulation composite material based on a high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thermal protection materials.The preparation method comprises the following steps that (1) the alloy foil is subjected to high-temperature pre-oxidation treatment for a period of time in the air atmosphere, and the high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil with good infrared radiation shielding performance is obtained; (2) alternately laminating the spacer material and the high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil to obtain a multi-layer heat insulation composite material based on the high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil; in the multi-layer heat insulation composite material based on the high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil, the upper surface and the lower surface are both made of spacer materials, and a layer of high-temperature-resistant modified alloy foil reflecting screen is arranged between every two layers of spacer materials. The problem that a traditional reflecting screen system is insufficient in temperature resistance is solved, and the use environment of the multi-layer heat insulation composite material based on the metal reflecting screen is effectively widened.

The invention belongs to the field of all-solid-state batteries, and relates to a preparation method of an all-solid-state battery composite negative electrode plate, the prepared negative electrode plate and the preparation method, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a lithium alloy foil between a first copper foil and a second copper foil, and carrying out rolling treatment to obtain a lithium-containing composite current collector; coating one side, deviating from the lithium alloy foil, of the first copper foil with a carbon-coated layer, and forming through holes in the first copper foil and the carbon-coated layer to obtain a porous carbon-coated composite current collector; and coating negative electrode slurry on one side, deviating from the first copper foil, of the carbon coating layer by a wet method to obtain the all-solid-state battery composite negative electrode plate. The lithium alloy foil is arranged between the first copper foil and the second copper foil for rolling treatment, the lithium source is pre-buried in the lithium-containing composite current collector, the lithium source is more slowly and uniformly pre-lithiated after being coated with negative electrode slurry through the through holes, and the carbon coating layer can reduce the possibility of side reaction caused by direct contact between sulfide electrolyte and the first copper foil and the second copper foil. And the surface and the interior of the pole piece are not easily damaged in the pre-lithiation process, so that the first efficiency of the battery is improved.

An ink jet and gold stamping all-in-one machine comprises a machine frame, a gold stamping foil unwinding device and a gold stamping foil winding device are arranged on the two sides in the machine frame respectively, gold stamping foil paper moves from the gold stamping foil unwinding device to the gold stamping foil winding device, and in addition, a plurality of guide rollers are arranged in the gold stamping foil paper conveying process. In addition, an ink jet device and a printing material winding and unwinding device are further arranged above the rack, and a gold stamping roller is further arranged between the printing material winding and unwinding device and the gold stamping foil winding device. The ink jet device directly sprays on the gold stamping foil paper, the problems that ink diffuses and permeates, patterns deform and images are not clear when some characteristic printing materials such as cloth are jetted are solved, the gold stamping effect of the printing materials such as the cloth is guaranteed, in addition, the working process of the whole machine is simple and efficient, the arranged deviation corrector prevents the materials from deviating, and the production efficiency is improved. And the flatness of the alumite film is ensured by the tensioning device, and the printing quality of a product is ensured.

The invention relates to the technical field of radiation measurement, in particular to a detector calibration device and method in a high-current BNCT mixed field, and the device comprises a front moderation plate, a detector accommodation module, and a detector group. The detector containing module is arranged on one side of the front moderation plate, a plurality of placing holes which are distributed in a circumferential mode are formed in the detector containing module according to a preset radius, the detector group comprises a plurality of detector units, the plurality of detector units are placed in the plurality of placing holes respectively, and the plurality of detector units are arranged in the plurality of placing holes respectively. A gold foil is arranged between the placing hole in the top and the detector unit; and a cadmium-coated gold foil is arranged in the placing hole corresponding to the gold foil mirror image. Therefore, through a double calibration method, low-flux reference calibration and high-flux actual beam correction are combined to improve calibration precision.

The invention discloses a method for electrochemical gradient extraction of gold and copper in electronic waste, which comprises the following steps: taking a mixed solution composed of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate as a first electrolyte, taking the electronic waste as an anode, carrying out a first electrolytic reaction, then taking out the degolded electronic waste, and carrying out solid-liquid separation and drying on an anode chamber solution to obtain the gold and copper in the electronic waste. Gold foil is obtained; and taking a mixed solution consisting of sodium chloride, sulfuric acid, copper sulfate and diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid as a second electrolyte, adding the degolded electronic waste into the anode chamber, carrying out a second electrolytic reaction, then collecting sediments in the cathode chamber, and passivating, cleaning and drying to obtain the copper foil. According to the method, gold in the electronic waste is directly extracted through an electrochemical method, copper is continuously extracted through a slurry electrolysis method, the process of extracting gold and copper from the electronic waste is shortened, the recovery rate of obtained gold and copper is high, and the purity of copper is high; the used medicament is simple, easy to treat and good in environmental benefit.

The invention relates to a mixing heat insulation method for a low-temperature storage tank and a mixing device thereof. The mixing heat insulation method comprises the following steps: preparing a micro reflective foil: cutting an aluminum foil, a copper foil, a gold foil or a metal-plated organic film into the micro reflective foil, and treating pearlife: carrying out thermal vacuum pure nitrogen replacement treatment in a pearlife storage tank, and then sealing and storing for later use; mixing and proportioning: mixing the pearlife and the foils in proportion, wherein the proportioning principle is to ensure that the foils are dispersed and are in discontinuous contact; mixing and filling; constructing the device; assembling a mixed heat insulation device for the low-temperature storage tank; a mixing process: starting a vacuum pump, and opening a second vacuum quick-release connecting valve to vacuumize a mixing tank; enabling the pearlife and the foil to flow into a mixing tank through pressure difference under the protection of nitrogen, and starting a stirring rotating shaft to uniformly mix the pearlife and the foil; filling a nitrogen protection material which is slightly higher than atmospheric pressure after completion; and filling construction. Through the synergistic effect of the pearlife and the fine reflection foil, the heat insulation performance is remarkably improved, and uniform filling and flexible construction of the mixture are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of alloy foil preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a FeCrCoW4.5 alloy foil. Comprising the following steps that N passes of cold rolling are conducted on a FeCrCoW4.5 alloy blank, N is larger than or equal to 3, the deformation amount of each pass of cold rolling is 40-70%, annealing treatment is conducted at the temperature of 1000-1200 DEG C after the last pass, work hardening generated by cold rolling is eliminated, final cold rolling is conducted after annealing treatment till the thickness is 0.06 mm, and the alloy foil is obtained. Through multi-pass cold rolling and annealing combined machining, during cold rolling, a large number of dislocation and other defects can be generated in a material, so that the hardness of the material is increased, and the plasticity is reduced; and annealing is carried out after multi-pass cold rolling, atoms in the material can obtain certain energy, dislocation and other defects are rearranged and combined, and part of the defects are eliminated, so that the hardness of the material is reduced, certain plasticity is recovered, and the comprehensive mechanical property of the material is improved.

The present invention addresses the problem of suppressing deformation such as edge waves, center waves, and warping from occurring in an ultra-thin (50 μm or less in thickness) iron–nickel alloy foil, and the purpose of the present invention is to obtain an iron–nickel alloy foil in which such deformation is suppressed. This iron–nickel alloy foil has a positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) of at least 0.150 ns and can reduce the amount of deformation (the total evaluated amount of deformation such as edge waves, center waves, and warping) relative to conventional products. In order to form a primarily vacant microstructure to achieve a PAL of at least 0.150 ns, an iron–nickel alloy foil can be obtained by manufacturing an alloy block (slab) by HIP treatment and rolling and heat treating the alloy block in accordance with conventional methods.

The application discloses a kind of short process gold extraction devices of waste printed circuit board.It includes separation module, collection module and electrodeposition part.Separation module contains leaching tank, and leaching liquid and cleaning liquid are alternately introduced, and leaching process is strengthened using micro-bubble generator and heater, so that gold foil is stripped from the surface of circuit board;Collection module contains filter and temporary storage tank, for intercepting and collecting gold foil and classifying temporary storage liquid;Electrodeposition part is connected to temporary storage tank, and copper in leaching solution is recovered through electrodeposition tank, and tail liquid flows back to leaching tank to realize closed circuit circulation.The application adopts integrated design, and combines selective leaching and physical interception by micro-bubble strengthening, without complex high-temperature or cyanide equipment, and one step realizes efficient stripping of gold and electrolytic recovery of copper;At the same time, leaching solution is closed circuit, and cleaning liquid is recovered in stages, which significantly shortens the process flow, reduces equipment investment and environmental pollution.

The present invention aims to provide a copper alloy ingot with further improved uniformity of physical properties. The copper alloy ingot of the present invention has a composition containing at least one additive element, and the balance consisting of Cu and unavoidable impurities, the at least one additive element being a trace element at a concentration of 10 to 50 mass ppm, and the deviation in the concentration of the trace element in the length direction being within ±3.5 mass ppm relative to the average concentration of the trace element.

Provided is a high-precision metal mask plate low-expansion alloy foil high-surface quality control method, comprising: sequentially performing hot rolling, pickling to remove the oxide skin, first grinding treatment, first cold rolling treatment, second grinding treatment, and second cold rolling treatment on the alloy foil blank. In the first grinding treatment and the second grinding treatment, the grinding wheel rotates along its own axial direction and performs periodic reciprocating motion along the width direction of the plate / band, and the axial direction of the grinding wheel is perpendicular to the surface of the plate / band. In the second cold rolling treatment, the work roll is subjected to the work roll grinding treatment method for grinding treatment, and the polishing roll is first subjected to the work roll grinding treatment method for grinding treatment and then subjected to the polishing roll polishing treatment method for polishing treatment. Through the method, a high-precision metal mask plate low-expansion alloy foil with a thickness of not greater than 0.04 mm and a horizontal / vertical roughness difference rate of ≤25% is obtained, meeting the high-surface quality requirements of the OLED industry.

This invention relates to a process for manufacturing hot stamping foil for cigarette tipping paper. The process involves preparing a base film layer, release layer, color layer, plating layer, and adhesive layer using biodegradable materials. The base film is prepared by mixing polylactic acid with a cellulose derivative. A wax-based release agent is then coated onto the base film to form the release layer. Next, a water-based pigment is coated to form the color layer. A thin aluminum plating layer is formed using vacuum evaporation. Finally, a biodegradable adhesive is coated to form the adhesive layer. The hot stamping foil obtained by this process is suitable for cigarette tipping paper, possessing certain degradation properties and hot stamping adhesion. The manufacturing process includes raw material preparation, coating, and drying steps, and is applicable to the cigarette packaging industry.

The utility model discloses a wine package presswork gold foil hang tag and wrapping plate hang tag, the upper end of the hang tag is connected with a suspension wire ring, the hang tag comprises a paper middle core layer, gold foil paper layers are adhered to the two sides of the paper middle core layer, a round bottle cap is installed on the hang tag, an internal thread is arranged in the round bottle cap, and the upper end of the hang tag is connected with the suspension wire ring. The round bottle cap is made of one of thickened oiled paper or plastic. The hang tag not only plays a role in displaying information, but also can be used as a standby bottle cap after being unsealed, and can also be used as a small packaging bag for placing a movable red envelope arranged by a manufacturer and a replaceable wine bottle cap, so that the whole hang tag is rich in function, the bright spot of the hang tag is increased, and the hang tag can get more attention.

The invention provides a high surface quality control method for a low-expansion alloy foil for a high-precision metal mask plate. The method comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out hot rolling, pickling to remove oxide skin, carrying out first grinding treatment, carrying out first cold rolling treatment, carrying out second grinding treatment and carrying out second cold rolling treatment on an alloy foil blank. Wherein in the first coping treatment and the second coping treatment, a coping wheel rotates in the axial direction of the coping wheel and periodically reciprocates in the width direction of the plate / strip, and the axial direction of the coping wheel is perpendicular to the surface of the plate / strip. Wherein in the second cold rolling treatment, the working roll is subjected to coping treatment by adopting the working roll coping treatment method; the polishing roller is firstly ground by adopting the working roller grinding treatment method, and then is polished by adopting the polishing roller polishing treatment method. By means of the method, the low-expansion alloy foil for the high-precision metal mask is obtained, the thickness of the low-expansion alloy foil is not larger than 0.04 mm, the transverse and longitudinal roughness difference rate of the low-expansion alloy foil is smaller than or equal to 25%, and the requirement of the low-expansion alloy foil for the high-precision metal mask in the OLED industry for high surface quality is met.

A coated metal foil for forming a copper-containing interlayer between a first solid substrate and a second solid substrate or between a solid substrate. The coated metal foil includes a metal foil of copper or of a first copper alloy or of a copper plated nickel-iron alloy. The metal foil has a first surface and a second surface. The metal foil has a composition coated on the first surface and / or the second surface of the metal foil. The composition includes an organic binder and flakes of copper or the first or a second copper alloy. The flakes include internal pores.

The present invention relates to a manufacturing apparatus and a manufacturing method capable of manufacturing metal foils such as iron-nickel alloy foils, nickel foils, and copper foils with high quality through a continuous plating method. The continuous metal foil plating apparatus according to the present invention includes an electrolytic cell for accommodating an electrolytic solution, an anode disposed inside the electrolytic cell, a cathode disposed opposite the anode at a predetermined interval, and a power supply device for applying current to the anode and the cathode. An electrolytic solution is supplied to one side of the space formed between the anode and the cathode, and the electrolytic solution is discharged from the other side of the space. The height of the one side where the electrolytic solution is supplied is formed higher than the height of the other side, and the electrolytic solution flows through the space formed between the anode and the cathode due to the potential energy difference between the one side and the other side. Metal ions contained in the electrolytic solution are electrodeposited on the cathode during the process of passing through the space formed between the anode and the cathode, and a metal foil is formed.

1. Name of the product in this design: Picture frame strip (3560 hot stamping decoration). 2. Purpose of this design: For use as a picture frame strip. 3. The key design feature of this product is its shape. 4. The image or photograph that best illustrates the design's key points: 3D view 1. 5. The bottom view is shown in the 3D view, so the bottom view is omitted.