The invention relates to an aluminum ion-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide lithium battery anode material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the field of electrode material preparation techniques and energy. The preparation method comprises the following steps that (1), a titanium source, aluminum salt, hydrochloric acid and absolute ethyl alcohol are mixed according to a certain mole ratio, and a first reaction solution is obtained; (2), a certain amount of surface active agent dissolves in absolute ethyl alcohol, and a second reaction solution is obtained; (3), the first reaction solution and the second reaction solution are mixed and stirred, heated and subjected to aging, and xerogel is obtained; and (4),) xerogel is placed in a muffle furnace to be subjected to heat treatment, and aluminum ion-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide is obtained. The prepared titanium dioxide material has the advantages of being good in stability, large in specific surface area, high in conductivity and excellent in electrochemical performance, can serve as the anode of lithium-ion batteries, and is suitable for industrialized production.