The invention provides a power supply system ground simulation comparison test system and method, and the system comprises a power supply system, 1553 bus equipment, a system console, a solar array simulator, a high-voltage stabilized power supply, an electronic load, a power distributor, a high-low temperature box, a data collection instrument, and an equalization processor. The power supply system comprises a storage battery pack, a bus voltage adjusting unit and a storage battery charging control unit, wherein the storage battery pack comprises a lithium ion storage battery pack A, a lithium ion storage battery pack B and a lithium ion storage battery pack C; the bus voltage regulating unit comprises a shunt regulator, a power manager, a discharge regulator and a system controller; thestorage battery charging control unit includes a charging controller. According to the invention, the actual temperature difference of each group of on-orbit batteries is simulated through the high-low temperature box, which is closer to the real working condition of on-orbit operation of the spacecraft, and the working capability and reliability of the multi-unit grid-connected aircraft power supply system can be verified.