143 results about "Colletotrichum coccodes" patented technology

The invention relates to a Bacillus amyloliquefaciense BA-KA3 and application thereof. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciense BA-KA3 is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 23, 2013, and has preservation No. CGMCC8342; its on tomato gray mold germs has obviously of antagonistic anti-role, on wheat scab bacteria. The Bacillus amyloliquefaciense BA-KA3 has obvious antagonistic effect on Fusarium graminearum, Rhizoctonia cerealis, Alternaria alternata, Phytophthora capsici, Colletotrichum capsici, Cercospora personata, Alternaria alternate and Garlic sclerotinia disease, and can significantly improve plant growth indexes such as germination rate, and budding rate and root length of seeds,and especially applies to preparation of agricultural preparations for control of tomato diseases due to Botrytiscinerea invasion and has certain growth promotion effect.

The invention discloses bacillus subtilis NB12, as well as a culture method and an application thereof. The strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5383 is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2011. Researches prove that: the strain has strong inhibition effects to rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum musae, pyricularia grisea, fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, peronophythora litchi, ustilago scitaminea, fulvia fulva, xanthomonas oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola, is a broad-spectrum antagonistic strain, can be used for prevention and control of various plant diseases, has a particular good prevention and control effect to the rice sheath blight and damping off in seedling phase of cowpea, has the advantages of harmlessness to human and livestock, greenness and safety, good environment compatibility, difficult resistance generation and the like, can be used for commercial development, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses burkholderia cepacia SD7 and a culturing method and application thereof. The bacterial strain is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24th, 2001, and the preservation number is CGMCC No.5384. Through research, the bacterial strain has strong inhibiting effect on rhizoctonia solani, collectotrichum musae, pyricularia grisea, gibberella zeae, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense, peronophythora litchi, ustiago scitamimea syd, fulvia fulva, xanthomonas oryzaepv.oryzae, xanthomonas oryzae pv. Oryzicola, and the like, is broad-spectrum antagonistic bacteria, can be used for preventing and treating a plurality of plant diseases, particularly has better preventing and treating effect for banana fruit anthracnose and rice sheath blight, has the advantages of harmlessness to person and animals, environmental protection and safety, good environmental compatibility, and difficulty in becoming resistant, is good for business development, and has broad application prospect.

The invention provides a talaromyces flavus, and also relates to the application of the talaromyces flavus in the inhibition of a variety of plant pathogens. The preservation number of the talaromyces flavus qw12 is CGMCC5067, the talaromyces flavus colony is round, the texture is flocculent and fluffy or flocculent, and the front of the colony is yellow; the conidiophores have penicilli, and the spore is spherical; the primordium is nearly cylindrical, big and curved; the gymnothecium is spherical or nearly spherical, the ascus is spherical, and the ascospore is spherical or nearly sphericaland unicellular. The antagonistic bacterium provided by the invention can effectively inhibit the growth of valsa sordida, rhizoctonia solani, corn sheath blight fungi, curvularia lunata, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, fusarium graminearum, alternaria alternate, cryphonetria parasitica, colletotrichum nicotianae and other plant pathogens, effectively prevent plant diseases, reduce the dosage of chemical pesticide and the accumulation of the chemical pesticide in soil and help to increase the quality and yield of economic crops in China, and therefore economic and social benefits are remarkable.

The invention discloses bacillus subtilis A16, which is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection (CCTCC) with CCTCC NO. 209105. The bacterial colony of the Bacillus subtilis A16 is oyster white on a beef extract peptone culture medium, has irregular shape and no luster, is not wet, has irregular edge, has diameter of 0.5-1cm, and has microfold surface, straight rod-shaped thallus and elliptic spore. The invention also discloses a preparation method and application of the bacillus subtilis A16. The bacillus subtilis A16 has broad bacteriostasis, can suppress exserohilum turcicum and helminthosporium maydis, has higher antagonism for exserohilum turcicum bacteria, helminthosporium maydis bacteria, maize curvularia leaf spot fungus, verticillium dahliae kleb, wheat scab pathogen, colletotrichum musae and banana vascular wilt bacteria, and has high prevention cure efficiency, and good safety and development application prospect.

The invention discloses streptomyces katrae NB 20, as well as a culture method and an application thereof. The strain with a preservation number of CGMCC No.5382 is preserved in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center on October 24, 2011. Researches prove that: the strain has strong inhibition effects to colletotrichum musae, pyricularia grisea, fusarium graminearum, fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense, peronophythora litchi, ustilago scitaminea, fulvia fulva, xanthomonas oryzae and xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzicola, is a broad-spectrum antagonistic strain, can be used for prevention and control of various plant diseases, has a particular good prevention and control effect to the colletotrichum musae, has the advantages of harmlessness to human and livestock, greenness and safety, good environment compatibility, difficult resistance generation and the like, and has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a pseudomonas aeruginosa D10 which is preserved in China Typical Culture Preservation Center, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO: M 209104. A colony on a beef paste peptone culture medium appears brown, round, glossy and wet, and has trim edges; the diameter of the colony is 0.2-0.5 cm; and the thallus is in a short bar shape and does not have gemma. The invention also discloses a preparation method and applications of the pseudomonas aeruginosa D10. The pseudomonas aeruginosa D10 of the invention can inhibit corn northern and southern leaf blight, has strong antergic functions on corn northern leaf blight, corn southern leaf blight, corn curvalaria leaf spot, cotton verticillium wilt, wheat fusarium graminearum, banana colletotrichum toilette and banana fusarium wilt, has the advantages of wide bacteriostatic range, high prevention efficiency and favorable environmental safety, and has favorable prospects for development and applications.

The invention discloses a sarmentose pepper herb extract and application thereof in preparing an insecticidal bacteriostat. A method for preparing the sarmentose pepper herb extract comprises the following steps of: 1) crushing roots and stems of sarmentose pepper herb to obtain coarse powder of the sarmentose pepper herb; and 2) performing cold extraction by using organic solvent in an amount which is 6 to 10 times the weight of the crushed sarmentose pepper herb, filtering and concentrating the filtrate into paste, introducing into a chromatographic column with a silica gel filler with the granularity of 200 to 300 meshes, eluting by using petroleum ether, and concentrating and drying the eluent to prepare the sarmentose pepper herb extract, wherein the time for cold extraction is 7 to 10 days and the extracting times is 2 to 3 times. The extract serving as a raw material is reasonably mixed with a solvent, an emulsifier, an antifreeze agent, a stabilizing agent and water, and sarmentose pepper herb microemulsion can be prepared. The invention has good effect of preventing and controlling prodenia litura, parasaissetia nigra nietner, lipaphis erysimi, banana anthrax bacteria and rubber anthrax bacteria. The preparation is simple in preparation process and low in cost, meets the conventional development tendency of pesticides and is suitable for popularization and application.

The invention discloses a bacillus amyloliquefaciens and a microbial inoculum, and a production method and application of the microbial inoculum, and belongs to the field of microorganisms. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens (CGMCC (China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center) No.13047) has the disease prevention and growth promoting capability. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens with biological activity is inoculated in a solid substrate to be fermented; an obtained fermentation product can be directly used as a bacillus amyloliquefaciens microorganism inoculants; the microbial inoculum has the bacteriostasis effect and can be used as a microbial pesticide; phoma foveata, colletotrichum coccodes, fusarium avenaceum and fusarium chlamydosporum can be inhibited; the bacteriostasis rate is 67 percent or higher, so that the defects of poor environmental protection property, easy generation of drug resistance and poor safety of the chemical pesticide in the prior art can be overcome; the advantages of good environmental protection property, no drug resistance and high safety are realized.

The invention discloses a disease-prevention and growth-promoting Trichoderma harzianum and an application thereof. The strain number of the Trichoderma harzianum is TM2-4, which is registered in theGeneral Microbiology Center of China Microbial Culture Collection Management Committee as CGMCC No. 15881. The Trichoderma harzianum M2-4 can inhibit Botrytis cinerea, Prunus persica, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Fusarium oxysporum f. Sp. Cucumerinum on fruits and vegetables, and has good control effect on tomato gray mold in vitro and can promote the germination of tomato seeds and the growth of tomato plants. The Trichoderma harzianum TM2-4 has indoleacetic acid (IAA)-producing activity, ferrophilic activity, glucanase and chitinase-producing activity. The Trichoderma harzianum TM2-4 has high breeding speed and can be cultured artificially, and the culture condition is simple, and the spore production is up to 3.2 * 109 cfu / g on the solid fermentation medium of wheat bran and corncob nutrient solution.

The invention provides actinomycetes which is streptomyces samsunensis XJC-2-6, and the preservation number is CCTCC NO:M 2017620. The streptomyces samsunensis XJC-2-6 provided by the invention has anantagonism on fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense No. 4, curvularia fallax, curvularia lunata, btoryosphaeria dothidea, colletotrichum acutatum, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, colletotrichum fragariae,botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum (schl.) f.sp cucumerinum owen, colletotrichum acutatum, pyricularia oryae cav, fusahum graminearum sehw, botryosphaeria dothidea and the like, has wide developmentspace on prevention and treatment of Panama disease of banana, microscler streak disease of banana, large grey speck disease of banana, tree canker of banana, anthracnose of pepper, anthracnose caused by colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anthracnose of strawberry, disease caused by botrytis cinerea, fusarium wilt of cucumber, anthracnose of mango, rice blast, wheat scab, ring rot of apple and the like, and has very good development and application prospects.

The invention discloses a Bacillus licheniformis 201, which is preserved in China Center for Type Culture Collection that is located in Wuhan University, Logosun, Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, and with CCTCC NO. of M207092. The invention simultaneously discloses a preparation method and applications of the Bacillus licheniformis 201, which has strong bacteriostasis of banana wilt fusarium, wide bacteriostasis spectrum and antagonism to various pathogenic fungi including banana wilt fusarium, watermelon wilt fusarium, tomato wilt fusarium, banana colletotrichum, gloeocystidium colletotrichum, corn leaf spot curvularia, cotton verticillium lecanii, gibberella zeae, and the like, and the Bacillus licheniformis 201 has high control efficiency, good environmental security and good development and application prospect.

The invention discloses a novel harmaline amide compound, a preparation method of the compound and an application of the compound in preparation of pesticides. The structural formula of the harmaline amide compound is shown as a formula (I); the structural formula is as shown in the specification, wherein in the formula (I), R1 is selected from hydrogen, methyl, phenyl, 2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl, p-methoxyphenyl, p-trifluoromethylphenyl or p-chlorophenyl; R2 is selected from hydrogen or bromine; R3 is selected from hydrogen or ethyl; and R4 is selected from ethyl, 2-pyridyl, o-chlorophenyl, 4,6-dimethylpyrimidyl or p-trifluoromethylphenyl. The compound has good inhibitory activities on rhizoctonia solani, collectotrichum musae, grey mould germ of strawberry, fusarium oxyspirum F sp niveum and alternaria solani and has good application prospects in control of important agricultural pests. In addition, the artificial synthesis process is simple, the product purity is high, and the compound is suitable for large-scale industrial application.

The invention discloses an application of a volatile substance produced by streptomyces fimicarius in control of plant diseases. Particularly, the volatile substance produced by streptomyces fimicarius can inhibit growth of 15 phytopathogens, has the highest inhibition function on peronophythora litchii, pythium myriotylum, alternaria alternate, fusarium graminearum, colletotrichum musarum and pyricularia grisea and has the inhibition rate up to 100%. The invention further makes clear that the volatile substance produced by streptomyces fimicarius contains 7 compounds with remarkable bacteriostasis, and a direction is provided for future studies of control drugs for peronophythora litchii, pythium myriotylum, alternaria alternate, colletotrichum musarum, pyricularia grisea and other phytopathogens.

The invention discloses pseudomonas aeruginosa JT86 and an application of the pseudomonas aeruginosa JT86 in prevention and treatment of sclerotiniose. The pseudomonas aeruginosa JT86 is screened fromsoil, and the strain is collected in the Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center on September 30, 2019, and has a collection number of GDMCC NO:60799. The strain and a volatile matter thereof can completely inhibit sclerotium germination of rhizoctonia solani, sclerotium rolfsii and sclerotinia sclerotiorum and inhibit growth of sclerotium hyphae, so that the sclerotium hyphae have flakes and wrinkles; the strain also has a good inhibition effect on the rhizoctonia solani, the sclerotium rolfsii, the sclerotinia sclerotiorum, magnaporthe grisea, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense,brassica parachinensis anthracnose, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and colletotrichum capsici; and therefore, the strain can treat recalcitrant soil-borne pathogenic bacteria in soil in a targeted manner, effectively inhibits the sclerotiniose, and has a good application prospect in preparation of a soil treatment agent for preventing and treating soil-borne fungal diseases.

The invention discloses a trichoderma harzianum strain and application thereof. The trichoderma strain is a trichoderma harzianum strain Hb13-3-2 CGMCC No. 13163. The strain and metabolites thereof have broad-spectrum activities of inhibiting pathogenic fungi. The contrast growth experiment proves that the trichoderma harzianum strain has the capacity of resisting red root pathogenic bacteria of rubber trees, colletotrichum gloeosporioides and other pathogenic bacteria, and further has the effects of controlling multiple other pollution microbes and promoting growth of rubber seedlings. Therefore, the trichoderma harzianum strain can be immediately applied to the cultivation process of the rubber trees at the seedling stage, healthy growth of the rubber seedlings is promoted, and occurrence of rubber tree root diseases can be shielded or inhibited.

The invention discloses a strain of antagonistic bacteria for preventing and controlling poplar colletotrichumgloeosporioides and application thereof. The antagonistic bacteria are bacillus atrophaeus XW2, and the microbial collection number is CGMCC NO. 7689. The bacillus atrophaeus XW2 is obtained through plate face-to-face culturing and screening of poplar endophytes via a flat plate, has an obvious antagonistic effect on the poplar colletotrichumgloeosporioides, can be used for effectively inhibiting the growth of poplar colletotrichumgloeosporioides hypha and germination of spores and preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by the poplar colletotrichumgloeosporioides, is a biological prevention and control potential strain with high protection effect and good environmental safety and has good development and application prospect.

The invention discloses an oil-tea disease-resistant bacterial strain and an application thereof, in particular relates to an oil-tea anthracnose-resistant bacterial strain belonging to the technical field of plant protection. The bacterial strain is Bacillus brevis Z26, and the preservation number of the bacterial strain is China center for type culture collection (CCTCC) No: M20110113. The oil-tea disease-resistant bacterial strain is obtained by first screening by means of the a confrontation test and second screening by means of liquid fermentation liquid , can be effectively preventing and curing various plant diseases such as oil-tea anthracnose, oil-tea root rot, oil-tea half mad, citrus anthracnose, citrus root rot, aloe root rot and the like, particularly can be used for effectively restraining the growth of oil-tea anthracnose germ, is high in prevention efficiency, is good in environment security, and is very good in development and application foreground.

The invention discloses banisterine benzoyl urea compounds and a preparation method and application thereof. The banisterine benzoyl urea compounds have a structural formula I shown in the specification; in the formula I, R1 can be methyl, phenyl, 3,4,5- triethoxy phenyl, p-methoxyphenyl or p-chlorphenyl, R2 can be H or Br, and X can be O or S. The banisterine benzoyl urea compounds have an outstanding insecticidal activity for Culex fatigans, prodenia litura and Chilo suppressalis; a part of the compounds are identical to a control insecticide Dibenzoyl-1-tert-butylhydrazine in term of activity; the banisterine benzoyl urea compounds have good inhibitory activity for rice sheath blight disease, alternaria solani, Collectotrichum musae, grey mould fruit rot of strawberry and sour rot pathogenic bacteria of citrus; a part of the compounds have better inhibitory activity for the above five phytopathogens than validamycin. The banisterine derivatives are simple in structure and easy to synthesize; the synthesis process is simple, the product purity is high; the banisterine benzoyl urea compounds and the preparation method thereof are suitable for large-scale industrial popularization and application.

The invention discloses bacillus amyloliquefaciens JT68 and application thereof in prevention and control of tea anthracnose. The screened bacillus amyloliquefaciens JT68 can significantly inhibit themycelial growth and spore germination of Gloeosporium theae-sinensis Miyake and reduce disease indexes, has a very good inhibitory effect on the Gloeosporium theae-sinensis Miyake, and is expected tobe used for preventing and controlling tea anthracnose and reducing the occurrence of tea anthracnose. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens is derived from Guangdong province and has a higher application value in prevention and control of local tea anthracnose, especially for local tea gardens suffering tea anthracnos at a high incidence rate. At the same time, the bacillus amyloliquefaciens JT68 alsohas a good inhibitory effect on rice blast fungi, brassica parachinensis anthracnose fungi, banana wilt fungi, pepper anthracnose fungi, cotton fusarium wilt fungi and the like, and has a prospect indevelopment of a fungicide for inhibiting plant pathogenic fungi and prevention and control of tea anthracnose. The bacillus amyloliquefaciens can not only reduce the use of chemical pesticides but also reduce the pesticide residues of tea, and a new way is provided for gradually replacing chemical prevention and control with biological prevention and control.

The invention discloses bacillus licheniformis 202 for high effectively preventing banana wilt, and the preservation number of the bacillus licheniformis 202 is CCTCCM207093. The invention simultaneously discloses a process for preparation and usage. The bacillus licheniformis 202 is obtained after being selected by being cultured face to face on a plate and doing pot experiment, which is capable of effectively preventing the growth of fusarium oxysporum and has wide antimicrobial spectrum. The invention is also capable of performing antagonistic action on various pathogenic fungi, such as cotton-wilt fusarium, verticillium wilt pathogen, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum, fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, curvulavia lunata or colletotrichum musae and the like, which is good in environmental security and good in prospect of development and application.

The invention provides a Bacillus mojavensis QLY002 strain. The Bacillus mojavensis QLY002 strain has a preservation number of CGMCC No. 8905. The invention also provides a microbial inoculum of the Bacillus mojavensis QLY002 strain and its preparation method and use in potato pathogen inhibition and potato growth promotion. The Bacillus mojavensis QLY002 strain and the microbial inoculum can be used as microbe pesticides and fertilizer, can inhibit Phoma foveata, Alternaria solani, Fusarium oxysporum and Colletotrichum coccodes, have an antibacterial rate more than 61%, have potato growth promotion effects, can be used as potato special-purpose microbial pesticide and microbial fertilizer, solve the problem that the existing chemical pesticide has poor environmental friendliness, easily causes pesticide resistance and has poor safety, and have the advantages of good environmental friendliness, no pesticide resistance and good safety.

The invention discloses an endophytic bacterium with an antagonistic effect on plant pathogenic fungi. Particularly, the endophytic bacterium is a bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain BSY3, is preservedat the CCTCC (China Center for Type Culture Collection) on August 31, 2017 with the preservation number being CCTCC NO: M 2017463. The strain BSY3 has the obvious antagonistic effect on common plant fungi such as phellinus noxius, pyricularia cannaecola hashioka, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, colletotrichum sp., pestalotiopsis sp., fusarium oxysporumf.sp.cubense and the like, and has a remarkable biocontrol function on fungi diseases caused by the pathogens. Besides, the strain is the endophytic bacterium derived from plants, and has a safer biocontrol effect on fungal diseases compared with a traditional chemical agent control method; the endophytic bacterium can establish a survival relationship of harmonious coexistence and stable development with the plants, and the biocontrol function ofthe endophytic bacterium can be played more effectively and stably.

The invention discloses a hydroxyquinoline compound as well as a preparation method and application thereof in preventing and treating agricultural diseases. Testing results show that the compound hasremarkable activity upon corn leaf fulvia fulvum, cotton oxysporum, potato rhizoctonia solani kuhn, didymella bryoniae, fusarium oxysporum, wheat gibberella, rice blast, botrytis cinerea, lycium barbarum anthracnose, cotton anthracnose, sclerotinia sclerotiorum, pepper phytophthora blight, potato late blight, rhizoctonia solani, melon bacterial fruit plaque bacteria, grape meloidogynosis bacteria, Chinese cabbage erwinia carotovora, kiwi fruit anabrosis bacteria, pseudomonas lachrymans, ralstorinia solanacearum, rice bacterial leaf blight and rice bacterial stripe bacteria. The hydroxyquinoline compound is simple in preparation process, cheap and easy in raw material obtaining, high in product purity, good in bioactivity and wide in sterilization spectrum and has the potential of being developed as new fungicides.

The invention relates to the technical field of microbe. Dogbane endophytic fungus provided by the present invention is isolated from a living dogbane collected in Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences through an endophytic fungi separation technology. The dogbane endophytic fungus is identified through microbial taxonomy, and is named as nigrospora oryzae 46. The nigrospora oryzae 46 is preserved in the China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC). The preservation date is 2010 / 12 / 31, and the preservation register number is CGMCC No.4509. The nigrospora oryzae 46 is characterized in that: the nigrospora oryzae 46 can generate active metabolites through a liquid fermentation, and the active metabolites provide inhibitions for rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum lindemuthianum and botrytis cinerea. Therefore, the nigrospora oryzae 46 is an important microbe resource in agriculture.

The invention discloses a harmaline oxazoline compound and a preparation method and application thereof .The structural formula of the harmaline oxazoline compound is shown as the formula (I) in the description, wherein in the formula (I), R1 is methyl or phenyl or p-chlorophenyl or o-hydroxybenzyl, and R2 is o-hydroxybenzyl or 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl or 3,5-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl or 2-furyl .The compound has significant cytotoxic activity on spodoptera frugiperda cultured cell lines Sf9, has good insecticidal activity on culex fatigans and lipaphis erysimi, has good growth and development regulating activity on prodenia litura, and also has good inhibitory activity on rhizoctonia solani, colletotrichum gloeosporioides, phytophoria melonis, fusarium oxysporum f .sp .niveum, pseudoperonospora sp, botrytis cinerea and fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense .Besides, the compound is simple in structure, easy to synthesize, simple in synthetic process, high in product purity and suitable for large-scale industrial application and popularization.

Strawberries are available year-around from production in the field or from controlled environments (e.g. high and low tunnel culture and greenhouse). Diversity of production conditions results in challenges in controlling diseases before, during, and after harvest. Fungicides, traditionally used to control diseases, have limitations. UV-C irradiation followed by a dark period was used to kill two major pathogens of strawberry, Botrytis cinerea and Colletotrichum acutatum. The UV-C irradiation and dark period was followed by repopulation with beneficial biocontrol microorganisms. The 4 hr dark period prevented activation of a light-dependent UV-C damage repair mechanism in the pathogens. This combination protocol makes it possible to use a lower dose of UV-C for reduction and / or elimination of pathogens. A mobile treatment apparatus was designed to provide the appropriately timed UV-C doses, dark period, and sprayable doses of biocontrol microorganisms. The UV-C dose and repeated exposure did not affect pollen germination or cause chlorophyll degradation in strawberry leaves.

The invention discloses preparation of Streptomyces antibioticus and metabolite thereof and application of the Streptomyces antibioticus in the aspect of bacterium resistance. The strain is named as Streptomyces antibioticus PPI-16, the preservation number is GDMCC NO: 60970, and the strain was preserved in the Guangdong Microbiological Culture Collection Center in the fifth floor, No. 59 Building, No. 100 Courtyard, Xianliezhong road, Guangzhou City on March 5, 2020. Active compounds generated by the Streptomyces antibioticus can inhibit various pathogenic fungi such as Colletotrichum lagenarium, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum nicotianae and Candida albicans, and new resources are provided for research and development of antibiotic.