The invention provides a method and a device for generating X-frequency band one-way ranging signals for deep space exploration. The method provided by the invention can generate one-way ranging sidetone signals in the X-frequency band. The device provided by the invention comprises simulation devices such as a crystal oscillator, a frequency divider, a low-pass filter, a frequency multiplier, a phase shifter and the like, and turn-off of DOR (Differential One-way Ranging) sidetone signals can be controlled through an instruction. The crystal oscillator generates initial reference signals, one path of the initial reference signals are inputted into the frequency multiplier after power division, the frequency multiplier generates X-frequency band carriers, another path of the initial reference signals are inputted into a divide-by-two frequency divider, a left path of the initial reference signals are inputted into a divide-by-ten frequency divider, and two paths of DOR sidetone signals are generated respectively. Phase modulation is carried out on the two paths of DOR sidetone signals in the X-frequency band, and the two paths of DOR sidetone signals are outputted after being amplified and isolated. Divide-by-two frequency division and divide-by-ten frequency division are completed by a decimal counter. The X-frequency band one-way ranging signals generated by using the method provided by the invention can complete a function of accurate ranging for a deep space probe by being matched with relevant ground station equipment, thereby being applicable to the fields of lunar exploration, Mars exploration and the like.