30 results about "Henry's law" patented technology

Method for the separation of a gas mixture comprising providing a PSA system with at least one adsorber vessel containing adsorbent material that is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen, passing a feed gas mixture containing at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide and optionally containing nitrogen through the adsorbent material in a feed step and withdrawing a purified hydrogen product from the adsorber vessel, wherein the feed step has a duration or feed time period of about 30 seconds or less. The adsorbent material is characterized by any of (1) a Henry's law constant for carbon monoxide between about 2.5 and about 5.5 (mmole / g) / atm; (2) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6.0 and about 7.5 kcal / gmole; (3) a Henry's law constant for nitrogen greater than about 1.5 (mmole / g) / atm; and (4) a selectivity of carbon monoxide to nitrogen between about 5.0 and about 8.0.

Method for the separation of a gas mixture comprising providing a PSA system with at least one adsorber vessel containing adsorbent material that is selective for the adsorption of carbon monoxide and nitrogen, passing a feed gas mixture containing at least hydrogen and carbon monoxide and optionally containing nitrogen through the adsorbent material in a feed step and withdrawing a purified hydrogen product from the adsorber vessel, wherein the feed step has a duration or feed time period of about 30 seconds or less. The adsorbent material is characterized by any of (1) a Henry's law constant for carbon monoxide between about 2.5 and about 5.5 (mmole / g) / atm; (2) a carbon monoxide heat of adsorption between about 6.0 and about 7.5 kcal / gmole; (3) a Henry's law constant for nitrogen greater than about 1.5 (mmole / g) / atm; and (4) a selectivity of carbon monoxide to nitrogen between about 5.0 and about 8.0.

A first aspect of a process of recovering xenon from feed gas includes: providing an adsorption vessel containing adsorbent having a Xe / N2 selectivity ratio <75; feeding into the adsorption vessel feed gas having an initial nitrogen concentration >50% and an initial xenon concentration ≧0.5%; evacuating the adsorption vessel; and purging the adsorption vessel at a purge-to-feed ratio ≧10. The final xenon concentration is ≧15× the initial xenon concentration. A second aspect of the process includes providing an adsorption vessel containing adsorbent having a Xe Henry's law Constant ≧50 mmole / g / atm; feeding into the adsorption vessel feed gas having an initial nitrogen concentration >50% and an initial xenon concentration ≧0.5%; heating and purging the adsorption vessel to recover xenon having a final concentration ≧15× its initial concentration. Apparatus for performing the process are also described.

Reduction of water, CO2 and N2O in an air stream comprising: passing said air stream at a feed temperature through a first adsorbent, whose Henry's Law selectivity for CO2 / N2O is at least 12.5, and a second adsorbent, whose Henry's Law constant for CO2 is less than 1020 mmol / g / atom and whose Henry's Law selectivity for CO2 / N2O is at most 5; and passing a heated regenerating gas at a temperature which is between 20° C. and 80° C. to at least the second adsorbent, and passing a second regenerating gas at a temperature less than the temperature of the heated regenerating gas to the first and second adsorbents in a direction opposite to the feed direction; the second adsorbent occupying from 25% to 40% of the total volume of the adsorbents, and the temperature of the heated regenerating gas being 10° C. to 60° C. higher than the feed temperature.

A first aspect of a process of recovering xenon from feed gas includes: providing an adsorption vessel containing adsorbent having a Xe / N2 selectivity ratio <75; feeding into the adsorption vessel feed gas having an initial nitrogen concentration >50% and an initial xenon concentration ≧0.5%; evacuating the adsorption vessel; and purging the adsorption vessel at a purge-to-feed ratio ≧10. The final xenon concentration is ≧15× the initial xenon concentration. A second aspect of the process includes providing an adsorption vessel containing adsorbent having a Xe Henry's law Constant ≧50 mmole / g / atm; feeding into the adsorption vessel feed gas having an initial nitrogen concentration >50% and an initial xenon concentration ≧0.5%; heating and purging the adsorption vessel to recover xenon having a final concentration ≧15× its initial concentration. Apparatus for performing the process are also described.

This invention discloses an optimum set of adsorbents for use in H2-PSA processes. Each adsorbent bed is divided into four regions; Region 1 contains adsorbent for removing water; Region 2 contains a mixture of strong and weak adsorbents to remove bulk impurities like CO2; Region 3 contains a high bulk density (>38 lbm / ft3) adsorbent to remove remaining CO2; and most of CH4 and CO present in H2 containing feed mixtures; and Region 4 contains adsorbent having high Henry's law constants for the final cleanup of N2 and residual impurities to produce hydrogen at the desired high purity.

The invention provides a method for measuring key parameters of VOC (Volatile Organic Compounds) emission in an in-vehicle non-metallic material, which is characterized by: deriving a balance emissionmodel of VOC in the non-metallic material at an environment cabin closed stage and a mass transfer diffusion model of the VOC in the non-metallic material at a direct current emission stage based ona mass transfer emission rule, a mass conservation law and a Henry's law, and measuring key parameters of an emission process of the in-vehicle non-metallic material in combination with actually measured data, wherein the key parameters comprise an initial emittable concentration C0, a distribution coefficient K, and a diffusion coefficient Dm. According to a device and the method for measuring the key parameters of the VOC emission in the in-vehicle non-metallic material, on the basis of a mass transfer diffusion rule and the mass conservation law of the VOC in the non-metallic material underdifferent conditions, the balance emission model of the VOC in the non-metallic material under the condition of closed environment cabin and the mass transfer diffusion model of the VOC in the non-metallic material under the condition of direct current emission are established, in combination with the actually measured data, the key parameters of the emission process of the in-vehicle non-metallic material are measured at the same time, wherein the key parameters comprise the initial emittable concentration C0, the diffusion coefficient Dm and the distribution coefficient K, thereby achieveing the goal of establishing a VOC prediction model of the in-vehicle non-metallic material.

The invention relates to a step-temperature closed emission method for simultaneous determination of formaldehyde emission characteristic parameters of building materials at multiple temperatures. Based on a adsorption potential theory and a Henry's law, a functional relationship between a separation coefficient K and an initial dissipative concentration C0 is established, and an analytical formula of the equilibrium concentration Cequ of formaldehyde in the closed environment is derived. A sealed environment cabin is used to maintain a constant temperature and a humidity space, and the building material samples are subjected to formaldehyde emission test, and the formaldehyde hourly concentration and equilibrium concentration at the initial temperature are measured. The temperature is then raised and the corresponding new equilibrium concentration is measured. The above operations can be repeated in sequence to obtain a formaldehyde equilibrium concentration value at multiple temperatures. The nonlinear fitting is carried out on the formaldehyde hourly concentration at the initial temperature, the K at the temperature can be determined. When the Cequ of the building material at other temperatures is known, the K at the corresponding temperature can be quickly obtained by the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations, and the corresponding C0 can be calculated. The method greatlyimproves the measurement efficiency of formaldehyde emission characteristics.

A forward osmosis apparatus is improved. A forward osmosis apparatus, comprising a diluting means for bringing a feed solution and a draw solution comprising a cation source and an anion source in an ionized state into contact through a semi-permeable membrane and diluting the draw solution with water separated from the feed solution by means of the semi-permeable membrane;a separating means for separating the draw solution that has been diluted by the diluting means into the cation source and anion source and into water; anda dissolving means, returning the cation source and the anion source that have been separated by the separating means to, and dissolving the cation source and anion source in, the draw solution that has been diluted;wherein the molecular weight of the cation source in an uncharged state is 31 or greater and the Henry's law constant of each of the anion source and cation source is 1.0×104 (Pa / mol·fraction) or greater in a standard state.

An improved bicarbonate determination with variability of apparent dissociation constant in Henderson-Hasselbach equation or Henderson equation with Henry's law is described. The improved bicarbonate is utilized in the determination of improved Strong Ion Difference (SID) and Strong Ion Difference Excess (SIDE) as the change in SID from the reference value at pH=7.4, pCO2=5.33 Kpa (or 40 torr) for blood gas testing.

Switchable gas permeation membranes in which a photo-switchable low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline (LC) material acts as the active element, and a method of making such membranes. Different LC eutectic mixtures were doped with mesogenic azo dyes and infused into track-etched porous membranes with regular cylindrical pores. Photo-induced isothermal phase changes in the imbibed mesogenic material afforded large, reversible changes in the permeability of the photo-switchable membrane to nitrogen. For example, membranes imbibed with a photo-switchable cyanobiphenyl LC material demonstrated low permeability in the nematic state, while the photo-generated isotropic state demonstrated a 16×-greater sorption coefficient. Both states obey a high linear sorption behavior in accordance with Henry's Law. In contrast, membranes imbibed with a photo-switchable phenyl benzoate LC material showed the opposite permeability behavior to the biphenyl-imbibed membrane, along with nonlinear sorption behavior.

The present invention provides a means of measuring the concentration of ozone dissolved in water or another solvent. Small, discrete samples are sparged with air or another unreactive gas for a short period of time to measure a profile of ozone vs time in the sparge gas. The total amount of ozone in the original sample is obtained by integrating under the ozone vs time profile. A correction may be made for ozone remaining in the sample after a finite sparge time by integrating under the profile tail using a decay constant obtained from the measured ozone vs time profile. The method differs from previous methods based on sparging of the sample in that a Henry's Law equilibrium or constant ratio of ozone present in the gas and liquid phases is not assumed and the flow rates of sample and sparge gas are not continuous.

An AgX-type zeolite having a silver exchange level of 20-70% and a Ar / O2 Henry's law selectivity ratio at 23° C. of 1.05 or greater has an optimum combination of selectivity for argon over oxygen at lower cost than higher silver exchange levels. This material can be used in oxygen VSA / PSA processes to produce oxygen at purities above 97%.

The invention relates to a step-temperature closed emission method for simultaneous determination of formaldehyde emission characteristic parameters of building materials at multiple temperatures. Based on a adsorption potential theory and a Henry's law, a functional relationship between a separation coefficient K and an initial dissipative concentration C0 is established, and an analytical formula of the equilibrium concentration Cequ of formaldehyde in the closed environment is derived. A sealed environment cabin is used to maintain a constant temperature and a humidity space, and the building material samples are subjected to formaldehyde emission test, and the formaldehyde hourly concentration and equilibrium concentration at the initial temperature are measured. The temperature is then raised and the corresponding new equilibrium concentration is measured. The above operations can be repeated in sequence to obtain a formaldehyde equilibrium concentration value at multiple temperatures. The nonlinear fitting is carried out on the formaldehyde hourly concentration at the initial temperature, the K at the temperature can be determined. When the Cequ of the building material at other temperatures is known, the K at the corresponding temperature can be quickly obtained by the ratio of the equilibrium concentrations, and the corresponding C0 can be calculated. The method greatlyimproves the measurement efficiency of formaldehyde emission characteristics.

The invention discloses a preparation method and a preparation device for dissolved gas in transformer oil. The method comprises the steps of taking two identical transformer oils a and b, feeding gas into transformer oil a to make the gas in a reach a saturated state, and then making The temperatures in a and b are the same, and the Ostwald coefficient derived from Henry's law is used to control the flow ratio of the oil in a and b, and finally prepare a transformer oil with a specified dissolved gas concentration. The preparation device includes an oil and gas dissolution chamber, a Transformer oil control greenhouse, test room and control equipment, oil and gas dissolving room, transformer oil control greenhouse and test room are respectively connected with control equipment. The preparation method of the dissolved gas in the transformer oil of the invention has good practicability, the operation method is controllable, the steps are simple, and the repeatability is strong. The preparation device of the present invention has a wide range of applications, and can be used as a preparation device for dissolving gas oil in various oils.

A forward osmosis apparatus is improved. A forward osmosis apparatus, comprising a diluting means for bringing a feed solution and a draw solution comprising a cation source and an anion source in an ionized state into contact through a semi-permeable membrane and diluting the draw solution with water separated from the feed solution by means of the semi-permeable membrane;a separating means for separating the draw solution that has been diluted by the diluting means into the cation source and anion source and into water; anda dissolving means, returning the cation source and the anion source that have been separated by the separating means to, and dissolving the cation source and anion source in, the draw solution that has been diluted;wherein the molecular weight of the cation source in an uncharged state is 31 or greater and the Henry's law constant of each of the anion source and cation source is 1.0×104 (Pa / mol·fraction) or greater in a standard state.

Switchable gas permeation membranes in which a photo-switchable low-molecular-weight liquid crystalline (LC) material acts as the active element, and a method of making such membranes. Different LC eutectic mixtures were doped with mesogenic azo dyes and infused into track-etched porous membranes with regular cylindrical pores. Photo-induced isothermal phase changes in the imbibed mesogenic material afforded large, reversible changes in the permeability of the photo-switchable membrane to nitrogen. For example, membranes imbibed with a photo-switchable cyanobiphenyl LC material demonstrated low permeability in the nematic state, while the photo-generated isotropic state demonstrated a 16×-greater sorption coefficient. Both states obey a high linear sorption behavior in accordance with Henry's Law. In contrast, membranes imbibed with a photo-switchable phenyl benzoate LC material showed the opposite permeability behavior to the biphenyl-imbibed membrane, along with nonlinear sorption behavior.

The invention provides an energy-saving deoxidation system of an industrial boiler. The system comprises a soft water tank, a deoxidation pump, an ejector, a mixing pipe, an analyzer and at least two deoxidation combined bodies, wherein any one of the deoxidation combined bodies comprises a heater, a reactor and a heat exchanger which are sequentially connected end to end; and the water outlet of the soft water tank is connected with the deoxidation pump, the heat exchangers of the deoxidation pump and the deoxidation combined bodies are connected with the water inlet of the ejector, the water outlet of the ejector is connected with the water inlet of the analyzer through the mixing pipe, the water outlet of the analyzer is connected to the industrial boiler through a water supplementing pump, and a steam outlet is connected with a steam-water separator. The steam-water separator is provided with a water exhaust port and a gas exhaust port. The gas exhaust port is connected with the heat exchanger of the deoxidation combined body. The system provided by the invention based on henry's law is low in energy consumption and convenient to maintain.