58 results about "Logarithmic scale" patented technology

An apparatus, method, system, computer program and product, each capable of displaying one or more categories, with each category including one or more events; selecting one of the categories; generating a timeline for the selected category based on a logarithmic scale; determining a position of each of the events belonging to the selected category on the timeline; and displaying each of the events at the determined position of the timeline. The categories may be displayed in a three-dimensional form.

A hand-held analog calculator apparatus, and method for use thereof in the field, in association with firearms. The apparatus permits the user of a high-powered rifle equipped with a telescopic sight having a mildot reticle to quickly determine the range to target and the necessary elevation adjustment to compensate for bullet drop. Various logarithmic scales are disposed upon two rule members which slide parallel past each other. The scales display values corresponding to the mildot measurement, estimated target size, known bullet drop, and the like. By manipulating the rule members to align certain selected marks on particular scales, first the range to target value and then the necessary gun sight elevation adjustment and / or sight hold-over values are displayed on other scales. An interchangeable alternative rule member is provided to permit the invention to be used to calculate in either metric or English dimensional units.

Disclosed are a demand forecasting method, a demand forecasting program, and a demand forecasting system that can adequately forecast a demand for a commodity. A management computer calculates a trend function with respect to demand values. The management computer then calculates the ratio of the demand values to a trend curve, and calculates a logarithm of the ratio. Then, the management computer approximates the calculated natural logarithm curve with a periodic model, and converts the logarithmic scale of the acquired periodic model to a normal scale. Demand forecasting is performed using a demand forecasting model acquired by combining a periodic change model of the normal scale with a trend curve (trend function).

A tree-structured index to multidimensional data is created using occurring patterns and clusters within the data which permit efficient search and retrieval strategies in a database of DNA profiles. A search engine utilizes hierarchical decomposition of the database by identifying clusters of similar DNA profiles and maps to parallel computer architecture, allowing scale up past previously feasible limits. Key benefits of the new method are logarithmic scale up and parallelization. These benefits are achieved by identification and utilization of occurring patterns and clusters within stored data. The patterns and clusters enable the stored data to be partitioned into subsets of roughly equal size. The method can be applied recursively, resulting in a database tree that is balanced, meaning that all paths or branches through the tree have roughly the same length. The method achieves high performance by exploiting the natural structure of the data in a manner that maintains balanced trees. Implementation of the method maps to parallel computer architectures, allowing scale up to very large databases.

A method of processing an acoustic input signal into an output signal in a hearing instrument includes converting the acoustic input signal into a converted input signal, and applying a gain to the converted input signal to obtain the output signal. According to the invention, the gain is calculated using a room impulse attenuation value being a measure of a maximum negative slope of the a converted input signal power on a logarithmic scale. The calculation of the gain may include evaluating a signal power development value being a measure of the actual converted input signal power attenuation or signal power increase, evaluating a signal-to-reverberation-noise ratio from the signal power development value and the room impulse attenuation value, and calculating, based on a gain rule, said gain from said signal-to-reverberation-noise ratio.

An analog variable gain amplifier (VGA) adjusting a signal level of a mobile communication system is provided. More particularly, design of a VGA using an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) having a wide linear input / output range is disclosed. The VGA includes two double-differential-pair OTAs and feedback resistors. A first differential input of a first double differential pair OTA receives an input signal from the forward stage, and a second differential input is negatively fed back through a differential output and a passive resistor. An input in which a first block of the connection structure and first and second differential inputs of a second double differential pair OTA are connected receives an output signal of the first block stage. The output is negatively fed back in series through a variable resistor whose resistance varies exponentially with an adjustment voltage from outside. According to the VGA, it is possible to provide a characteristic of linear variation of gain on a logarithmic scale with respect to a control voltage with a simple and inexpensive constitution. In addition, the VGA can be designed for a low pass filter having a conventional OTA used for a core circuit, and has a simple circuit structure. Therefore, the VGA is convenient for high integration and low-power design, and thus is appropriate for a terminal chip and so forth.

Disclosed herein is an audio output device including: an equalizer configured to execute frequency characteristic correction processing for an audio signal from an audio source; an output part configured to supply an audio signal processed by the equalizer to a speaker for audio output from the speaker; a signal analyzer configured to analyze a frequency characteristic of an input audio signal to thereby obtain a gain of each of sample points on a frequency axis; and an arithmetic unit configured to control parameters of the equalizer, the arithmetic unit extracting sample points having substantially equal intervals on a logarithmic-scale frequency axis from sample points of which gains have been obtained by the signal analyzer, the arithmetic unit calculating parameters of the equalizer by using differences between gains of the extracted sample points and gains at frequencies corresponding to the extracted sample points on a target frequency characteristic.

Embodiments of a method of pore type classification for petrophysical rock typing are disclosed herein. In general, embodiments of the method utilize parameterization of MICP data and / or other petrophysical data for pore type classification. Furthermore, embodiments of the method involve extrapolating, predicting, or propagating the pore type classification to the well log domain. The methods described here are unique in that: they describe the process from sample selection through log-scale prediction; PTGs are defined independently of the original depositional geology; parameters which describe the whole MICP curve shape can be utilized; and objective clustering can be used to remove subjective decisions. In addition, the method exploits the link between MICP data and the petrophysical characteristics of rock samples to derive self-consistent predictions of PTG, porosity, permeability and water saturation.

A tungsten wire containing 1 to 10% by mass of rhenium has a point which indicates a 2% elongation within a quadrangle formed by joining points with straight lines, where the values of x and y are point (20, 75), point (20, 87), point (90, 75), and point (90, 58), in this order, wherein the wire diameter of the aforementioned tungsten wire is represented by x mum, and the elongation of the tungsten wire is 2% after electrically heating with an electrical current which is a ratio of y % to the fusion current (FC) at the wire diameter x mum, and wherein a semi-logarithmic system of coordinates is expressed by a horizontal axis using a logarithmic scale of the aforementioned wire diameter x and a vertical axis using a normal scale of ratio y to the fusion current. According to the above-described configuration, a tungsten wire having a great elongation even under conditions of high temperature can be provided, and the tungsten wire can exhibit an excellent durability when used as component material for constituting cathode heaters and so forth, and the tungsten wire can be manufactured efficiently.

Methods, systems, and computer program products are described herein for generating proxy reflectivity data associated with lightning activity. A computing device receives data associated with lightning activity for one or more geographical areas. The computing device determines the logarithmic scale of the combined in-cloud and cloud-to-ground flash rate (dBR) for one or more grids of lightning activity based on the received data. The computing device generates proxy reflectivity data based on the dBR of the grids.

An amplifier circuit is provided. The amplifier circuit includes an operational amplifier, a feedback resistor for changing gain and cutoff frequency characteristics of the operational amplifier, and a feedback variable capacitor for changing the cutoff frequency characteristics of the operational amplifier, wherein a capacitance of the feedback variable capacitor increases exponentially according to a digital control code, and the cutoff frequency of the operational amplifier is inversely proportional to the capacitance of the feedback variable capacitor and varies linearly on a logarithmic scale.

An analog variable gain amplifier (VGA) adjusting a signal level of a mobile communication system is provided. More particularly, design of a VGA using an operational transconductance amplifier (OTA) having a wide linear input / output range is disclosed. The VGA includes two double-differential-pair OTAs and feedback resistors. A first differential input of a first double differential pair OTA receives an input signal from the forward stage, and a second differential input is negatively fed back through a differential output and a passive resistor. An input in which a first block of the connection structure and first and second differential inputs of a second double differential pair OTA are connected receives an output signal of the first block stage. The output is negatively fed back in series through a variable resistor whose resistance varies exponentially with an adjustment voltage from outside. According to the VGA, it is possible to provide a characteristic of linear variation of gain on a logarithmic scale with respect to a control voltage with a simple and inexpensive constitution. In addition, the VGA can be designed for a low pass filter having a conventional OTA used for a core circuit, and has a simple circuit structure. Therefore, the VGA is convenient for high integration and low-power design, and thus is appropriate for a terminal chip and so forth.

A system, method and device for a sport game are provided. The game utilizes a plurality of play articles, at least three stations cum goals or targets, a playground, a game controller device and a display device. The game is played by individual participant or participants wherein the rules of the game maintain a familiarity with an ancient puzzle game and is based on a mathematical formula of logarithmic scale where the play articles are moved around the stations by play participants to accrue points or goals and where the devices are incorporated with identification, tracking, data transmission, data processing, determination and data display capabilities to monitor and manage the game. The game provides physical, skill and cerebral challenges and is applicable to a plurality of normal sports wherein goal or target shooting is primal; the game can be played indoors or outdoors, for fun, exercise, training of sport skills, light or serious competition.

The present invention relates to a signal compressing circuit which amplifies an input signal on a logarithmic scale in an appropriate range, and has a variable gain stage, an input signal detector, and an automatic level controlling circuit, the automatic level controlling circuit including: a first comparator for comparing the input signal to a first reference voltage, and generating a signal proportional to the difference between them; a second comparator for comparing the input signal to a second reference voltage, and generating a signal proportional to the difference between them; and a current mirror for generating a controlling current in proportion to the output signal of the first and second comparators, thus controlling the gain of the variable gain stage in two steps so as to generate stable output signals.

An audio processing method is disclosed. In the audio processing method, a modified discrete cosine transform (MDCT) algorithm is utilized to transform a present time domain audio signal into a spectrum audio signal. A spreading function (SF) coefficient of each partition domain of the spectrum audio signal is obtained by referencing an SF table. A masking partitioned energy threshold of each partition domain of the spectrum audio signal is calculated utilizing a logarithmic scale. An audio block type of each partition domain and an SMR of the spectrum audio signal are calculated. Subsequently, the spectrum audio signal is compressed into an audio bit stream according to the audio block type of each partition domain and the SMR. In addition, an audio signal processing apparatus is also disclosed in this invention.

A tree-structured index to multidimensional data is created using naturally occurring patterns and clusters within the data which permit efficient search and retrieval strategies in a database of DNA profiles. A search engine utilizes hierarchical decomposition of the database by identifying clusters of similar DNA profiles and maps to parallel computer architecture, allowing scale up past to previously feasible limits. Key benefits of the new method are logarithmic scale up and parallelization. These benefits are achieved by identification and utilization of naturally occurring patterns and clusters within stored data. The patterns and clusters enable the stored data to be partitioned into subsets of roughly equal size. The method can be applied recursively, resulting in a database tree that is balanced, meaning that all paths or branches through the tree have roughly the same length. The method achieves high performance by exploiting the natural structure of the data in a manner that maintains balanced trees. Implementation of the method maps naturally to parallel computer architectures, allowing scale up to very large databases.

Disclosed herein is a porous electrode substrate in which carbon fibers are dispersed in the structure thereof have a fiber diameter of 3-15 micron and a fiber length of 2-30 mm, and are bound to one another by carbonized resin such that, when a pore distribution in the porous electrode is determined with a mercury intrusion porosimeter, such that a pore distribution curve is plotted on a graph having a common logarithmic scale on the horizontal axis, and a 1-100 micron pore diameter range of the pore distribution curve includes 80 or more measurement points at equal intervals along the common logarithmic scale, the pore distribution has a skewness S of -2.0<S<-0.8 and a kurtosis K of 3.5<K<10 in the 1-100 micron pore diameter range.

A method of processing an acoustic input signal into an output signal in a hearing instrument includes converting the acoustic input signal into a converted input signal, and applying a gain to the converted input signal to obtain the output signal. According to the invention, the gain is calculated using a room impulse attenuation value being a measure of a maximum negative slope of the a converted input signal power on a logarithmic scale. The calculation of the gain may include evaluating a signal power development value being a measure of the actual converted input signal power attenuation or signal power increase, evaluating a signal-to-reverberation-noise ratio from the signal power development value and the room impulse attenuation value, and calculating, based on a gain rule, said gain from said signal-to-reverberation-noise ratio.

Methods, systems, and computer program products are described herein for generating proxy reflectivity data associated with lightning activity. A computing device receives data associated with lightning activity for one or more geographical areas. The computing device determines the logarithmic scale of the combined in-cloud and cloud-to-ground flash rate (dBR) for one or more grids of lightning activity based on the received data. The computing device generates proxy reflectivity data based on the dBR of the grids.

Systems and methods are described herein for applying a predefined functional shape to coefficients of a discrete Fourier transform of a waveform. The waveform may based, at least in part, on an electro-cardiogram (ECG). The predefined functional shape may be parabolic, and may be defined on a logarithmic scale. The application of a predefined functional shape may allow a more accurate reconstruction of a waveform to be generated at a lower sampling rate.

Disclosed are a demand forecasting method, a demand forecasting program, and a demand forecasting system that can adequately forecast a demand for a commodity. A management computer calculates a trend function with respect to demand values. The management computer then calculates the ratio of the demand values to a trend curve, and calculates a logarithm of the ratio. Then, the management computer approximates the calculated natural logarithm curve with a periodic model, and converts the logarithmic scale of the acquired periodic model to a normal scale. Demand forecasting is performed using a demand forecasting model acquired by combining a periodic change model of the normal scale with a trend curve (trend function).

A sport game which utilizes a plurality of play articles, at least three stations cum goals or targets, a playground, a game controller device and a display device is disclosed. The game is played by individual participant or participants wherein the rules of the game maintain a familiarity with an ancient puzzle game and is based on a mathematical formula of logarithmic scale where the play articles are moved around the stations by play participants to accrue points or goals and where the devices are incorporated with identification, tracking, data transmission, data processing, determination and data display capabilities to monitor and manage the game. The game provides physical, skill and cerebral challenges and is applicable to a plurality of normal sports wherein goal or target shooting is primal; the game can be played indoors or outdoors, for fun, exercise, training of sport skills, light or serious competition.

The invention provides a performance prediction and optimization method of a honeycomb paperboard, and relates to a construction method of an energy absorption curve of the honeycomb paperboard under different environmental humidities. The method comprises the following steps of: constructing relationships among the energy absorption capability of the honeycomb paperboard, the yield strength and the elasticity modulus of honeycomb base paper, the thickness spaning ratio of honeycomb cell walls and the environmental humidities; and drawing the relationship between the standardized energy absorption and the standardized stress in each phase on a coordinate system with logarithmic scales, thereby obtaining the energy absorption curve of the honeycomb paperboard with different thickness spanning ratios under the different environmental humidities. By utilizing the method, the energy absorption curve of the honeycomb paperboard under the different environmental humidities can be drawn quickly and accurately while a large number of tests are not required, namely, the best energy absorption point of the honeycomb paperboard which is of a given material configuration under the different environmental humidities can be found; the structure parameters of the honeycomb paperboard can be acquired reversely according to the conditions of the environmental humidities of logistics and the requirements of the buffering energy absorption of products. Thus, the beneficial reference for the optimal design of the buffering packaging of the honeycomb paperboard is provided.

The invention particularly discloses an array fiber opto-acoustic bionic ear device and a signal conversion method. The device comprises a sound signal processor, an array data controller, laser modulation drivers, a laser fiber array and fiber collimators, wherein the laser modulation drivers are in charge of converting multiple signals output by the sound signal processor into corresponding optical signals; the sound signal processor is connected with the array data controller; the array data controller respectively controls all electrical signals to be connected with the corresponding laser modulation drivers; the laser modulation drivers are connected with the fiber array; the fiber array is connected with the corresponding fiber collimators; finally, each optical signal is output to irradiate corresponding positions of the auditory nerves of living bodies. Optical signal outputs of all ports of the laser fiber array respectively correspond to audio ranges divided by the logarithmic scale, that is, each fiber signal output corresponds to one corresponding audio range signal.

The invention discloses a logarithmic attenuation method and an attenuator for linear continuous adjustable signals. The attenuator comprises a timer circuit, an attenuation quantity control signal generating circuit, and an audio circuit, wherein the timer circuit is used for generating a first pulse and a second pulse; the attenuation quantity control signal generating circuit is used for generating a first signal, a second signal and a changing process signal positioned between the first signal and the second signal; and the audio circuit is used for performing a multiply operation. The logarithmic attenuation method and the attenuator can accurately quantify the decibel or the logarithmic scale attenuation quantity of the attenuator by performing linear adjustment on the resistance value of a variable resistor.

Radio Frequency (RF) coverage models are visualized by displaying three dimensional unity scaled models of antenna performance in a Geographic Information System (GIS), Traditional logarithmic scaled antenna models are converted to linear models and stored as three dimensional representations which are placed and scaled using a GIS to visualize RF coverage.

A logarithmic analog to digital conversion method for an analog input signal includes a logarithmic amplification with progressive compression of the input signal delivering a sequence of several secondary analog signals. The trend of the values of at least some of the secondary signals is a function of the values of the analog input signal including regions corresponding to a linear trend of the secondary signals as a function of that of the input signal expressed in a logarithmic scale. The method also includes a comparison of at least some of the secondary signals of the sequence with a common reference signal whose value lies within each of regions, supplying a thermometric code information item, and a generation of a first digital word from the thermometric code information item.

The invention relates to a navigation painted abacus, which comprises panels 1, a movable rotary disk 2, a logarithmic calculating disk 3, a movable scale 4 and a logarithmic ratio scale 5, wherein, the panels 1 are divided into an upper layer and a lower layer; the movable rotary disk 2 is a circular disk and fixed between the upper and lower panels 1, and can freely rotate around the center of the circle; the movable rotary disk 2 is engraved with two main index lines 6 which pass through the center of the circle and are perpendicular to each other, and a plurality of auxiliary index lines 7 parallel to the main index lines 6; the disk surface is engraved with a distance / speed circle 8 used for measuring the distance / speed, and the outer ring of the rotary disk is engraved with an azimuth scale line 9 of 0 to 360 degrees. The upper and the lower panels 1 are made of organic glass, lined by copper strips, and fixed by screws; and each corner is subjected to slow round processing. The logarithmic calculating disk 3 consists of an inner disk 10 and an outer disk 11 which have the same circle center, wherein, the inner disk 10 can freely rotate, and the outer disk 11 is a fixing disk. The movable scale 4 is made of copper materials, concentric with the movable rotary disk 2 and fixed on the upper panel 1 by the inside thread screws, and can freely carry out circumferential rotation. The logarithmic ratio scale 5 is a strip-shaped plexiglass ruler, one side of which is engraved with logarithmic scale, and can be used as a logarithmic slide rule by matching with the movable scale (4) on the movable rotary disk (2).

Provided is seismic imaging, particularly, a seismic imaging system. The seismic imaging system includes a measured data processing unit converting measured data from receiver to cosine transformed data in logarithmic scale axes, a subsurface structure estimating unit calculating subsurface modeling parameters with measured data transformed in the measured data processing unit based on a cosine transformed acoustic waveform equation defined along logarithmic axes, and an image output unit converting modeling parameters calculated in the subsurface structure estimating unit and outputting the converted image data.

Object:To provide heat-expandable microspheres with which large-diameter foamed particles which are lightweight and have enhanced strength, cushioning properties, and the like can be formed.Resolution Means:Heat-expandable microspheres having a foaming agent encapsulated in an outer shell of a polymer, the heat-expandable microspheres having an average particle size (D50) before foaming of from 100 to 500 μm, and a coefficient of variation of a particle size distribution before foaming (logarithmic scale) of not greater than 15%.