The invention belongs to the laser gyroscope technology, and relates to a device and method for measuring backscattering of a laser gyroscope ultra-smooth reflecting mirror. The device comprises an optical laser, a Faraday opto-isolator, a beam splitter A, a photoelectric intrusion-detector A, a ring-shaped resonant cavity, a micro-manipulator A, a beam splitter B, a photoelectric intrusion-detector B, an optical filter, a feedback mirror, a micro-manipulator B, a phase-locking amplifier and a frequency stabilization system. According to the invention, a part of energy of a pumping light beam is fed back to the ring-shaped resonant cavity to be in optical interference with backscattering in the cavity to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of backscattering signals of the ring-shaped resonant cavity; a reflecting mirror to be measured is enabled to move slightly along the mirror surface tangential direction to achieve accurate measurement for backscattering amplitude coefficient of the ultra-smooth reflecting mirror used by a laser gyroscope; the ultra-smooth reflecting mirror with small backscattering can be selected to be used for the adjustment of the laser gyroscope resonant cavity, so that important significance of reducing laser gyroscope locking areas and improving laser gyroscope precision is achieved.