The invention discloses an electrolytically-controlled micro-component picking and placing device and method, relates to micro-component control in the field of micro-assembly, and aims to solve the key problem that active release of micro-components is difficult to realize in the micro-component operation process. The device comprises a micro-driving motor, a mounting frame, two sleeves, a coupler, a ball screw, a connecting nut, a hexagonal mounting frame, six fixing frames, a long connecting rod, a hose, an electrode connecting piece, a movable electrode and six inert electrodes, wherein the mounting frame and the micro-driving motor are connected through four through hole bolts, the lower end of the long connecting rod is in threaded connection with the electrode connecting piece, the upper ends of the fixing frames are fixed in holes of the hexagonal mounting frame through screws, the six inert electrodes are fixed in grooves in the lower ends of the fixing frames through screws respectively and are tightly attached to the six side faces of the movable electrode, and the six inert electrodes are tightly attached to one another. The device is used for lossless pickup, posture adjustment and active release operation of the micro-components.