The present application provides a water bloom identification method and device based on high spatial resolution images, by segmenting high spatial resolution remote sensing images of water areas to obtain target areas, marking target spots in the target areas, and the target The picture spots include water bloom picture spots and / or water grass picture spots, and extract the gradient texture features of the target picture spots, and identify the picture spots that meet the preset conditions as water bloom picture spots, and the preset conditions include that the gradient texture feature is less than its The corresponding preset threshold, because high spatial resolution images have higher spatial resolution, can better reflect the spatial texture characteristics of different ground objects, and because algae blooms and aquatic plants present different spatial distribution characteristics in water bodies, Therefore, the method and device described in this embodiment, based on the characteristics of high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images, can realize the purpose of identifying algae blooms from target patches after segmenting and marking the high-spatial-resolution remote sensing images .