The present invention discloses a green technology for synthesizing ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide and a pyrolysis thereof to prepare high specific surface alumina. The green technology comprises the following steps: a, ammonium salts (ammonium carbonate and ammonium hydrogencarbonate) or amide compounds (formamide, acetamide, urea, etc.) are used as a modifier to prepare a clarified solution; b, pseudo-boehmite is added to the clarified solution in the step a at a certain molar ratio, the materials are stirred until the solution is uniform, then the solution is transferred to a crystallization kettle, crystallized solids are washed and dried to obtain the ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide (AACH), and obtained mother liquor is recycled for use; c, after the mother liquor obtained in step b is cooled, a certain amount of the modifier is supplemented for use, and the step b is repeated; and d, the ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide is pyrolyzed to obtain the high specific surface alumina. The AACH synthesized by the provided method for synthesizing the ammonium aluminum carbonate hydroxide has a specific surface as high as 812.5 m<2>g, after high temperature calcinations, the obtained alumina still has a relatively high specific surface (681.8 m<2>/g), and the green technology realizes the recycling of the mother liquor after reaction, and is free of waste liquid discharge, energy-saving and environmentally protective.