The invention relates to a target positioning method and a target positioning device for airborne equipment. The device comprises a signal processing unit, a laser distance measuring instrument, a thermal infrared imager, a visible light camera, a combined inertial navigation module and an angle meter, wherein output signals of the laser distance measuring instrument, the thermal infrared imager, the visible light camera, the combined inertial navigation module and the angle meter are all connected to the signal processing unit, and the signal processing unit is used for solving positional information of a target according to uploaded signals. Aerial carrier global positioning system (GPS) information, aerial carrier gesture information, angular deviation of observation equipment relative to an aerial carrier and distance measuring information of the target by the observation equipment are integrated to realize accurate positioning of longitude and latitude height of the target. The advantage of a multi-sensor is combined, a multi-dimensional spatial alternation principle is utilized so as to rapidly and effectively realize accurate target positioning in a non-contact and high-adaptability way, and the target positioning method can be applied to fields such as forest fire prevention, personnel rapid search and rescue and the like, and has wide technological and market prospects.