The invention provides an excavation device for multi-angle tunnel excavation in a two-dimensional similarity simulation test, and belongs to the technical field of excavation devices for similarity simulation tests. The excavation device comprises an adjustable fixed frame, a rotary mechanism, a left-right sliding frame, a front-back sliding frame, a motor, a spiral drill bit and a drive assembly, wherein the adjustable fixed frame is parallel to a to-be-excavated surface, and comprises a transverse beam, a fixed vertical beam, an adjustable vertical beam and a tightening screw; the rotary mechanism comprises a rotary platform, a vertical rotary connecting block and a horizontal rotary member which is used for driving the rotary platform to rotate on a horizontal plane; the horizontal rotary member comprises a frame body, a rotary shaft and a slide table, the rotary shaft is rotationally arranged on the frame body and is provided with threads, and the slide table sleeves the rotary shaft; the left-right sliding frame is glidingly arranged on the rotary platform; the front-back sliding frame is glidingly arranged on the left-right sliding frame, and is vertical to the left-right sliding frame; the motor, the spiral drill bit and the drive assembly are arranged on the front-back sliding frame. The excavation device has the advantages that the artificial excavation can be replaced, and various defects in artificial excavation can be relieved.