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The application belongs to the technical field of tunnel engineering detection, and discloses a tunnel displacement simulation device and a detection calibration method, which comprises multiple groups of tunnel simulation units, the multiple groups of tunnel simulation units are sequentially spliced, each group of tunnel simulation units comprises two groups of arches, a support steel frame and a plurality of groups of telescopic pipe piece assemblies; the two groups of arches are oppositely arranged, the support steel frame is in a semicircular arc support structure and is arranged between the two groups of arches; the plurality of groups of telescopic pipe piece assemblies are arranged on the support steel frame and are sequentially arranged along the arc surfaces of the two groups of arches, wherein the adjacent telescopic pipe piece assemblies are connected, and the plurality of groups of telescopic pipe piece assemblies can simultaneously expand and contract along the radial direction of the two groups of arches and are used for simulating the profile range between the maximum profile and the minimum profile of the tunnel. The application can realize the simulation of the dynamic continuous deformation of the tunnel, does not need manual comparison of the scale, reduces the error caused by manual operation and lays a structural foundation for high-precision calibration.