The invention relates to a supporting structure of a foundation pit. The supporting structure comprises a base plate, a supporting base, a supporting rod, a supporting frame, rectangular pipes and a protection plate. The supporting frame comprises a bracket and a second connecting block, the second connecting block is formed by bending a steel plate into a U shape. The whole bracket is formed by bending round steel to be of a U-shaped frame structure, the bracket comprises connecting portions and locating portions, the connecting portions are two pieces of straight round steel welded to the bottom of the second U-shaped connecting block in a spaced mode, the two pieces of straight round steel are parallel to the two side walls of the second U-shaped connecting block respectively, the two locating portions are U-shaped round steel, and the two open ends of the locating portions are fixedly connected with the same ends of the two pieces of straight round steel respectively. The two rectangular pipes are welded to one side of the protection plate in parallel in a spaced mode, the inner sides of the locating portions of the bracket are attached to the two rectangular pipes respectively, a pin penetrates through the bottom of the second connecting block and the protection plate, and a pin sheet is inserted into the end, close to the protection plate, of the pin to fix the bracket and the protection plate. The supporting structure is simple, mounting is convenient, and a large amount of manpower and a large number of material resources are saved.