The invention discloses a steel wire rope traction type underground coal mine belt type conveyor circular detecting system. The system comprises an aerial cableway system, a rope clip, belt type conveyor state monitoring devices, and a monitoring background system. A power grid carries out power-on to drive the aerial cableway system to operate, the belt type conveyor state monitoring devices on the system stably carry out polling along the position above a conveying belt of a belt type conveyor, a storage battery of each belt type conveyor state monitoring device is only used for providing electric energy of sensing and communication equipment, use duration of the batteries is prolonged, the belt type conveyor state monitoring devices are mutual base stations, h a wireless radio frequencymodule mounted on the conveying belt can carry out real-time positioning on a polling site, various data information can be uploaded, positions of slipping, off tracking, coal stacking, belt breaking, firing or carrier roller faults of the belt type conveyor can be accurately judged, a polling robot can carry out independent polling and real-time communication, and in the polling process, the belt type conveyor can be subjected to intelligent fault diagnosis.