The invention discloses a measuring apparatus and a method for the flexibility line shape of a bridge structure. The measuring apparatus is not fixedly arranged on a bridge, the equipment is simple, the realization is easy, the cost performance is high, the operation is convenient, the flexibility line shape of the bridge can be rapidly, objectively, and intelligently sensed and reproduced, the flexibility of the bridge is measured, the overall flexibility change of the bridge can be reflected via the change of line shapes in different times, bridge management workers can be informed of the current flexibility line shape of the bridge in time, especially the flexibility change state, the health and safety condition of the bridge can be analyzed, the bearing ability of the bridge can be fully developed, load limit and the falling of the bridge are reduced, and the practical engineering value is very high.