The invention discloses an automatic configuration device and method of a multi-mode and multi-function testing instrument, and belongs to the technical field of testing. The device comprises a remoteupgrading server, a host program module, a bus interface online configuration manager, a central processing FPGA, a DSP, a DDR3 memory, a frequency power board FPGA, a power board FPGA and a measurement board FPGA. The invention adopts a more reconfigurable hardware platform structure, primarily DSP clusters, FPGA-centric FPGA combination based on CPU, This combined structure can flexibly implement various algorithms, And flexibility can also be ensured, not only can be convenient to configure applications, but also can be real-time automatic configuration of multiple FPGA and multiple DSP programs, configuration process more flexible and efficient, to solve the configuration of the process of a large amount of data, data transmission speed, synchronization between the states.