The invention relates to an outdoor high-voltage cable head grounding structure and method, and belongs to the technical field of safety protection during power cable maintenance. According to the technical scheme, a merger clamp base (12) is fixedly connected with a grounding ring (2), an arc-shaped clamping groove I (13) is formed in the merger clamp base (12), an arc-shaped clamping groove II (17) is formed in one side of a merger clamp pressing plate (16), a clamping table is arranged on the other side of the merger clamp pressing plate (16), the merger clamp pressing plate is arranged on the merger clamp base in a pressing mode through a fixing bolt (11), the clamping groove I and the clamping groove II are communicated with each other to form a clamping groove, the clamping groove I and the clamping groove II communicate with one another to form a clamping groove, and the wire core is clamped in the clamping groove; and the other side, away from the merger clamp base, of a grounding ring is not coated with an insulating layer, the exposed part is a grounding part, one end of the grounding wire is connected with the grounding part, and the other end of the grounding wire is connected with a grounding drill rod arranged on the ground. According to the invention, the grounding problem of the outdoor high-voltage cable head can be effectively solved, an operator can obtain grounding protection when disconnecting the cable head, and the working safety performance is ensured.