The invention relates to an automatic library book taking and placing robot based on an ROS. The automatic library book taking and placing robot comprises a movable chassis, a lifting platform, a grabbing device, a multi-grid storage box, a touch screen and a power supply unit. The lifting platform, the multi-grid storage box, the touch screen and the power supply unit are all arranged on the movable chassis, and the grabbing device is arranged on the lifting platform. The power supply unit is in circuit connection with the movable chassis, the lifting platform, the grabbing device, the multi-grid storage box and the touch screen. The robot can create a map in a library, conduct automatic navigation and grab and place targets on all bookshelf layers, manpower and material resources needed by workers for placing books are saved, needed books are automatically found for readers and given to the readers, the time consumed for searching for books is shortened, the reading experience is enhanced, the contact between people in the public place is effectively reduced, and the probability of epidemic disease infection is reduced.