53results about How to "Improve slope stability" patented technology

The invention provides a vacuum drainage anchor rod and a construction method thereof. The anchor rod is composed of an anchoring system and a vacuum drainage system; a thread is arranged at the frontend of each hollow anchor pipe, the middle rear part of each hollow anchor pipe is connected with a slurry outlet pipe, water permeable holes are formed in each hollow anchor pipe which is wrapped bya filter screen, a rubber sleeve valve and a geotextile bag sleeve an opening of each slurry outlet pipe, and each geotextile bag is clamped in the corresponding hollow anchor pipe through a hoop; the hollow anchor pipes are obliquely arranged in a slope, pressure grouting is conducted on the interior and the periphery of the front end of each hollow anchor pipe, and the hollow anchor pipes are anchored on backing plates through anchorage devices; a controller and a vacuum pump are installed outside the slope; moisture meters are embedded in the slope and connected with the controller; waterabsorbing pipes penetrate through sealing covers and are inserted into the hollow anchor pipes, connected with a drain pipe through sealing joints and connected with the vacuum pump; the controller and the vacuum pump are switched on, pumping starts to be conducted, a negative pressure zone is formed in each hollow anchor pipe, and the water in the slope enters a water suction pipe and then is discharged out of the slope. Accordingly, the structure is simple, anchorage and drainage can be achieved simultaneously, a good effect is achieved, construction is easy, and the manufacturing cost is low.

The invention discloses a stone side slope biological control method which comprises the following steps of (1) side slope status analysis and safety evaluation, (2) nursery stocks pre-cultivating, (3) bird nest type layout, (4) bionic nest building, (5) formula planting and (6) community forming. The stone side slope biological control method integrates the engineering mechanics, the ecology, the aesthetics, the biotechnology and other disciplines and fields, a stable and ecological three-dimensional side slope can be quickly formed, the landscape effect is good, the ecological benefit is lasting and stable, maintenance cost is low, maintenance difficulty is low, the slope fixing effect is obvious, a protection function is outstanding, and the method is used for side slope protection of roads, railways, dams and the like, and also can be used for ecological management of desertification and stony desertification.

The invention provides a spray seeding matrix and a preparation method thereof. In the spray seeding matrix provided by the invention, the soil, straw, adhesive and fertilizer are used as main raw materials which are doped with some of construction waste; and by adopting a combination of special dosage ratio, the obtained spray seeding matrix has high strength, the stability can be maintained for a long time, the fertilizer efficiency lasts long, the cost is low, and the greening effect can be effectively improved. By adding the spray seeding matrix into the construction waste, the slope stability can be effectively improved, the greening quality is increased, and the investment cost is lowered. The spray seeding matrix provided by the invention improves the problems such as relatively bad structure, relatively few granular structures and nutrient lack of the soil formed after the spray seeding of the traditional matrix and the problem of instability caused by adhesive failure. The indexes of the spray seeding matrix can reach the traditional matrix standard, wherein the early-stage growth condition of the plant, the plant biomass, the soil fertility, the erosion resistance and the like are all greatly improved. The preparation method of the spray seeding matrix provided by the invention is simple in technology, low in cost and suitable for large-scale production.

The invention relates to high and steep rock slope greening protection. The high and steep rock slope greening protection includes a slope rock mass; a plurality of anchor rod drill holes are formed in the slope rock mass, anchor rods are arranged in the anchor rod drill holes, slope protection facilities are arranged on the anchor rods, and the slope protection facilities are arranged in an overhead mode; a plurality of rivets are further arranged on the slope rock mass, baffles are connected to the rivets, and the bottoms of the baffles abut against the slope surface of the slope rock mass;the slope rock mass, the slope protection facilities and the baffles are provided with greening facilities; compared with the prior art, the anchor rods, a flexible protective net and a thick-layer base material greening technology are combined, and the anchor rods can play a role of strengthening a slope body to improve the slope stability; the flexible protective net is used for preventing the bare slope surface or slope surface protected by spraying concrete from causing the phenomenon that the slope surface is broken and loosened or blocked, and plays a protective role on the slope surface, and at the same time provides a platform for thick-layer base materials to enhance the adhesiveness of a matrix; and the thick-layer base material greening technology makes full use of planting holes, the baffles, planting bags, a metal net and the SNS flexible protective net for the slope surface greening.

The invention provides a mining procedure of an inclined seam narrow and long strip mine, and belongs to the technical field of strip mine mining. In the mining process, the strip mine is divided into a first mining area and a second mining area, and the first mining area is firstly mined; work lines are longitudinally arranged in the first mining area in the early stage, the work line arrangement direction of lower steps is gradually regulated when upper steps reach the boundary, therefore, the L-shaped work line is adopted by the lower steps, and the length of the transverse mining work line of the lower steps is gradually increased until all the lower steps achieve transverse mining; when the first mining area approaches to a closed state, inclined mining starts to be conducted from the first mining area to the second mining area for transition; after transition is completed, a work line is arranged in a certain angle in the inclined direction and advanced in the strike direction, and inclined mining is conducted; when the upper portion of the second mining area is near the boundary, the advancing speed from the position near the boundary to the position on one side of the boundary is gradually increased, so that the length of the inclined mining work line is increased until the strip mine is closed. According to the mining procedure, the capital construction stripping volume of the strip mine can be decreased, stable internal discharging and steep slope mining are achieved, the production stripping ratio is balanced, and the economic benefits are increased.

The invention discloses a swell-shrink characteristic rock-soil cut slope protection method and structure. The method comprises the steps of a, digging and leveling a cut slope according to a designed slope gradient; b, building support sewers on the surface of the slope body with rubble, gravel and mortar at certain intervals in the longitudinal direction of the cut slope; c, arranging anchor rods and reinforced concrete frame beams in a criss-cross mode on the portions, between every two support sewers, of the surface of the slope body; d, constructing catchwaters with mortar rubble on the top of the cut slope and a platform portion; e, drilling the slope body from the bottom of the cut slope, and implanting PVC inclined drain pipes; f, constructing a footwall with mortar rubble at the position of the slope toe; g, filling grillage chambers of the reinforced concrete frame beams with loam, and conducting soil spraying and grass planting. The structure is composed of the cut slope body, the support sewers, the reinforced concrete frame beams, the anchor rods, the catchwaters, the inclined drain pipes, the footwall and grass sowing by spraying. The method is simple, using is convenient, and the method and structure are suitable for reinforcement and protection of the swell-shrink characteristic rock-soil cut slope, water drainage and resistance and environment-friendly landscape.

The invention discloses a slope strengthening method based on plant urease reinforcing liquid. Grouting treatment is carried out on the interior of a slope through the plant urease reinforcing liquid,and spraying treatment is carried out on the surface layer of the slope. The plant urease reinforcing liquid is prepared from bean flour rich in urease, processing powder and water, and constituentsof the processing powder include urea and calcium salt, wherein the mass ratio of the bean powder to the processing powder is 1:1-1:2, and the mass ratio of the bean powder to the water is 1:10-1:20.The plant urease reinforcing liquid obtained by adding the water into the bean powder and the processing powder is fed into the slope and sprayed onto the surface of the slope, crystallization of calcite is promoted through carbonate generated in a urea hydrolysis reaction and the rising of ph in the reaction process, low-carbon and environment-friendly crystal matter high in strength and adhesivestrength is formed and is filled and adhered among soil particles of the slope, the soil strength can be remarkably improved, the effect that the slope is strengthened is achieved, and the overall stability of the slope is improved.

The invention discloses a protection method and a protection device for blocking deep cutting falling rocks. The protection method for blocking the deep cutting falling rocks includes the steps: excavating earth rocks for a plurality of longitudinally and uniformly arranged anchored pile bodies constructed on a falling rock bearing side of a cutting and supporting excavated hole walls; pouring anchored piles; excavating the cutting after the anchored piles achieve design strength; and mounting a breast board between each two adjacent anchored piles after the cutting is excavated and forming pile-sheet retaining walls by the breast boards and the anchored piles. In the protection method, the reinforced concrete anchored piles are firstly constructed on the falling rock bearing side of the deep cutting, a slope is closed by the aid of the reinforced concrete pile-sheet retaining walls formed by the anchored piles and the breast boards, accordingly, earth rock excavation engineering is decreased, slope stability is enhanced, and the capacity of bearing the impact force of perilous falling rocks is also enhanced. Therefore, by the protection method, the cutting can be supported and retained in deep excavation, the perilous falling rocks can be blocked, and the protection method has the advantages of high safety, economy, practicability and convenience in construction.

The invention discloses an ecological slope protection structure for preventing and controlling expansive soil slope sloughing and a construction method. The ecological slope protection structure comprises an anti-slip anti-seepage zone, a waterproof geomembrane, vetiver grass, slope protection turf and a drainage ditch; the anti-slip anti-seepage zone is arranged in a slope body of a slope, is formed by drilling and grouting cement mortar at the position of stagnant water in a slope or a potential slip surface, and is of a continuous concave curved surface structure; the waterproof geomembrane covers a slope surface, a slope top and a slope toe, and the waterproof geomembrane is provided with holes, the vetiver grass is planted in the hole positions, the upper surface of the waterproof geomembrane is covered with soil, and the slope protection turf is planted in the soil; and the drainage ditch is arranged at the slope toe of the slope. Through the anti-slip anti-seepage zone formed by drilling and grouting the cement mortar, the degradable waterproof geomembrane covered by the slope surface and the vetiver grass planted in the slope body constitute a closed ecological water circulation system; and by using the vetiver grass stem and leaf transpiration and the developed root system water retention function, the water content of the slope is controlled within a certain range, and the effect of controlling slope sloughing of expansive soil of an expressway is achieved.

The invention discloses a rapid repairing structure for a shallow landslide of an above-second-level soil slope and a construction method thereof. According to the repairing structure, a step is excavated on a landslide part of a landslide body, multiple layers of backfill bagged soil are constructed on the step in a filling manner, and geogrids are laid at the bottom of each layer of backfill bagged soil; reserved parts of the geogrids are reversely wrapped along the backfill bagged soil on the upper portions of the geogrids and tensioned to the required tensile strength, the geogrids are fixed to the top face of the backfill bagged soil through U-shaped nails to form reverse wrapping, and the reverse wrapping geogrids and the geogrids adjacent to the upper layer are fixedly connected through U-shaped nails and are both fixed to the top face of the corresponding backfill bagged soil; and a plurality of steel bars are implanted into the bottom of a reinforced body formed by combining the backfill bagged soil and the geogrids. The repairing structure plays a supporting role, meanwhile, energy dissipation is achieved on expansion deformation generated by soil in the slope through self deformation, the repairing effect is good, construction is easy and convenient, the technical requirements for personnel are low, the construction period is short, the number of machines is small, risks are low, cost is low, and environment friendliness is achieved.

The invention discloses a self-anchored toothed grid reinforced retaining wall structure and a reinforcing method thereof. A plurality of layers of toothed grating reinforcement units are horizontallyarranged, each toothed grating reinforcement unit comprises an L-shaped reinforcing mesh and toothed gratings, a horizontal reinforcing mesh of the L-shaped reinforcing mesh extends into a soil filling layer, a vertical reinforcing mesh of the L-shaped reinforcing mesh is tightly attached to the side slope, the upper end of the vertical reinforcing mesh is connected with one end of the horizontally-arranged toothed grating through fasteners, and the other end of the toothed grating is fixed to the soil filling layer through short anchor piles in a self-anchored mode; the toothed grating is provided with a plurality of toothed ribs arranged in parallel, the toothed ribs are parallel to the side slope, and the section shapes of the toothed ribs are in a smooth transition shape with a narrowupper part and a wide lower part. The self-anchored toothed grid reinforced retaining wall structure is good in structural integrity, high in slope stability, low in manufacturing cost, wide in application range and convenient to construct, and materials are saved.

The invention provides a greening method for a high steep rock slope in a mining pit. The method includes the following steps of removing pumice stones; grouting cracks; conducting drilling, grouting and anchor lashing on the surface of the slope; carving grooves and drilling the bottoms of the grooves; building a water retaining wall along the lower edges of the grooves; a water-retaining agent is poured into holes, laying planting substrate for planting in the grooves, and watering and conserving plants; amending a drainage ditch on the footing of the surface of the slope, and building a reservoir in the bottom of the pit; planting bamboo willows along the outer edge of the steps of the slope of the mining pit. The greening method for the high steep rock slope in the mining pit has the advantages that the process is simple, the implementation is convenient, the overall greening cost is low, the normal mining operation on the bottom of the pit is not affected, the slope stability after greening is high, the vegetation coverage rate is 100% after one year, the later vegetation maintenance cost is low, and social and economic benefits are good.

The invention provides a technology for controlling deformation of a slope rock mass and solves the problem on the critical excavating width due to a three-dimensional slope effect generated by slope strip mining, a slope stability coefficient calculation formula taking the three-dimensional slope effect into consideration is provided, and thereby the slope deformation can be reduced and the stability of the slope is improved by a three-dimensional deformation control method and the aim of safely producing is achieved.

The invention relates to a soil nail, a slope reinforcing structure and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the field of side slope engineering. According to the specific scheme, the soil nail comprises a core material, a grouting pipe, a separation bag and a plurality of lantern rings, the bottom end of the core material is fixedly provided with the separation bag in a sleeved mode, thelantern rings are fixed to the side wall of the core material, and the grouting pipe penetrates through the lantern rings to be inserted into the separation bag. The side slope reinforcing structurecomprises a concrete initial spraying layer, a plurality of soil nails, a plurality of end connection control components and a plurality of prefabricated connecting beams, the concrete initial spraying layer is arranged on the surface of a side slope body, the soil nails penetrate through the concrete initial spraying layer to be inserted into the side slope body, the top end of each soil nail isfixed through the corresponding end connection control component, and every two adjacent end connection control components are fixedly connected through the prefabricated connecting beams. According to the side slope reinforcing structure, the large-diameter reinforcing body soil nails are adopted, the number of the soil nails is reduced, meanwhile, the side slope stability is improved, thus the construction period is shortened, and the construction cost is reduced.

A multi-step revetment horizontal anchor bolt reinforcement and bottom revetment water drainage mixed structure is divided into a revetment horizontal anchor bolt reinforcement system and a bottom revetment water drainage system. The revetment horizontal anchor bolt reinforcement system is arranged on the upper half portion of a multi-step revetment. The bottom revetment water drainage system is arranged at the bottom of the multi-step revetment. The revetment between the road surface and the bottom surface of a roadbed is arranged in a stepped mode, and each revetment section on the upper half portion is reinforced through cement anchoring blocks and horizontal anchor bolts. The laying angle of the cement anchoring blocks is equal to the gradient of each revetment step on the road surface, and the bottoms of the cement anchoring blocks of each revetment step are embedded in the top of the next revetment step. The horizontal anchor bolts are arranged between the cement anchoring blocks and the surface of each revetment step, and the horizontal anchor bolts are arranged in layers and in parallel. The bottom revetment water drainage system and the revetment horizontal anchor bolt reinforcement system are arranged in a combined mode, the influence of ground drained water on the stability of the roadbed can be effectively lowered, and the multi-step revetment horizontal anchor bolt reinforcement and bottom revetment water drainage mixed structure is easy to construct and quite good in practicability.

The invention discloses a prefabricated vertical and horizontal drainage guide system for a garbage landfill and a construction method of the prefabricated vertical and horizontal drainage guide system. The prefabricated vertical and horizontal drainage system for the garbage landfill comprises a liner structure, a reservoir body drainage guide structure and a vertical and horizontal drainage guide system. The liner structure comprises a compacted clay bottom layer, a geomembrane, a compacted clay surface layer and a UHPC sprayed impervious layer. The reservoir body drainage guide structure comprises a UHPC collecting well, a steel grating manhole cover, a circular pipe opening, a reservoir body geotechnical composite drainage network, a reservoir body cleaning gravel layer and a clay sealing layer. The vertical and horizontal drainage guide system comprises a UHPC core drainage pipe, UHPC longitudinal drainage pipes, UHPC transverse drainage pipes, a submersible sewage pump, a liftingrope and a drainage hose. By means of prefabricated construction, the system has short construction period and reliable and durable structure, can control the main level of leachate for a long time,and has the advantages of good drainage effect, long life cycle and low maintenance cost.

The invention discloses an internal drainage method and construction method of an open-pit mine with an inclined base. The inclined coal seam base is divided into several water collection areas, and water collection ditches are arranged along the inclined direction of the coal seam base in each water collection area, and along the Arrange a series of hydrophobic anti-skid ditch connected to the water collection ditch in the direction oblique to the coal seam base; at the same time, arrange reverse grooves along the coal seam base trend at the lower end of the step area, and construct anti-skid stops for soil discharge steps on the reverse grooves , and then discard the stripping material in the step area where the water collection ditch, the hydrophobic anti-skid ditch, the reverse groove, and the anti-slip stop of the soil discharge step have been formed. The invention solves the problems of small friction force in the slope base dump, slope stability affected by water erosion, low steps in the inner dump, and small internal displacement; and the anti-slip retaining platform of the dump is constructed with stripping materials and concrete, taking into account It improves economy and environmental protection, and is conducive to popularization.

The invention relates to an axial non-coupling water spaced charging structure and a smooth blasting method using the same, and belongs to the technical field of blasting. The axial non-coupling water spaced charging structure comprises a tubular water bag I, a cartridge, a tubular water bag II, stemming and a detonating cord. The tubular water bag I is placed at the bottom of a blast hole, the front end of the tubular water bag I is connected with the cartridge, the front end of the cartridge is connected with the tubular water bag II, the front end of the tubular water bag II is filled with the stemming, and the whole blast hole penetrates to the bottom of the cartridge through the detonating cord. The smooth blasting method comprises the overall steps that main blasting holes are blasted firstly, and then smooth blasting holes are blasted; in a main blasting area, a row away from the outermost layer of the smooth blasting holes is blasted firstly, and then the remaining main blasting holes are blasted at the same time; and the smooth blasting holes are blasted from the center to the two sides in sequence. According to the axial non-coupling water spaced charging structure and the smooth blasting method using the same, blasting vibration can be greatly reduced, damage to reserved rock mass is small, meanwhile, vibration is small, damage is small, disturbance to the reserved rock mass is small, a formed slope is good in stability and effect, and meanwhile, blasting dust can be reduced.

The invention provides a green planting structure for a high-steep rocky slope. The structure comprises a planting groove, a water storage hole, a water-retaining wall, a buffer groove and a reinforcing rib, wherein the planting groove is vertical to the horizontal plane and extends in the direction parallel to the horizontal plane along the slope surface, the water storage hole is located at thebottom of the planting groove and is obtained by drilling downwards in the direction vertical to the horizontal plane at the bottom of the planting groove, the water-retaining wall is located on the lower edge of the planting groove and parallel to the planting groove, the buffer groove is located on the upper edge of the planting groove and parallel to the planting groove, and the reinforcing ribis located in the water-retaining wall, vertical to the horizontal plane and connected with the slope surface and the water-retaining wall. The process is simple and convenient to implement, the overall greening cost is low, normal mining work for the slope surface for mining work under the slope is not affected, slope stability is high after greening, the vegetation coverage rate after one yearis 100%, besides, the late vegetation maintenance cost is low, and the structure has better social benefits and economic benefits.

The invention relates to a method for treating shallow landslide. According to the method, steel pipe piles, pile top beams, crossbeams and high-pressure rotary jet grouting piles are used. The high-pressure rotary jet grouting piles which are reinforced fully are arranged on the periphery of each micro-steel pipe pile, each two lines of the steel pipe piles or more than two lines of the steel pipe pile form a row of piles, and the steel pipe piles are arranged in a square or quincuncial manner; each pile top beam is arranged on the tops of the corresponding row of piles; tops of the steel pipes in each row of piles are embedded in the corresponding pile top beam and are connected with the corresponding pile top beam; and each two adjacent pile top beams are connected with each other through the corresponding crossbeam. The method for treating shallow landslide is flexible in space arrangement, high in adaptive capacity to environments and easy and convenient to construct, large mechanical equipment is not required to be used, disturbance to surrounding environments is small, and working hours are saved.

The invention provides a roadbed slope protection structure, and a manufacturing method and application thereof. The roadbed slope protection structure comprises a coconut fiber blanket, a metal net,a mixed substrate and a plurality of anchor rods, wherein the coconut fiber blanket is used for being fixed onto a roadbed slope; a support body is arranged between the coconut fiber blanket and the metal net, and is used for supporting the metal net and enabling the metal net and the coconut fiber blanket to form a preset distance; the plurality of anchor rods can be distributed on the roadbed slope at intervals; the first end of each anchor rod is inserted into a corresponding anchor hole of the roadbed slope, and the second end of each anchor rod sequentially passes through the coconut fiber blanket and the metal net and is connected with the metal net; and a gap between the coconut fiber blanket and the metal net is fully filled with the mixed substrate, and the mixed substrate extendsonto the metal net. The roadbed slope protection structure provided by the invention uses the coconut fiber blanket and a metal net for substrate spraying and seeding; two layers of anti-flushing protection can be effectively formed on the slope surface; the stability of the high-liquid-limit soil roadbed slope is further and favorably improved; and meanwhile, the improvement effect of the roadbed slope protection structure on the soil is very obvious.

The invention discloses a double sleeve valve pipe grouting construction method. The double sleeve valve pipe grouting construction method comprises the following steps that work is prepared before construction; a drilling machine is in position and drills a hole, and a built-up hole is formed; a shell material is prepared, and the shell material is injected into the built-up hole to form a shell; the double sleeve valve pipe is mounted; the double sleeve valve pipe is formed by two sleeve valve pipes bundled together; and double sectional grouting is conducted through a grouting machine. Compared with the prior art, the double sleeve valve pipe grouting construction method avoids the deviation caused by the mix proportion of the theory or the experience in the construction, saves the excessive consumption of the materials such as cement, and greatly guarantees the effective diffusion radius of grouting solution, the construction speed is fast, batch construction can be conducted after the process is determined, the process is easy and without the need for large-sized construction equipment, the restriction of the site condition is small, a plurality of stir zones of the grouting solution can be arranged, the construction time can be greatly shortened, the construction speed can be improved, and the construction cost can be reduced; the double sleeve valve pipe grouting construction method is suitable for deep foundation pit excavation construction of fractured soil layers with different types; and the slope stability of the deep foundation pit is greatly improved.

The invention discloses a side slope reinforcing drainage structure and a reservoir shore collapse engineering treatment method, and relates to the technical field of reservoir shore collapse engineering treatment. The side slope reinforcing drainage structure comprises a reinforced concrete lining with a shear water drainage hole formed in the middle and a drain pipe with a plurality of drainageholes formed in the pipe wall. During reservoir shore collapse engineering treatment, a plurality of layers of side slope reinforcing drainage structures are sequentially arranged from top to bottom in a reservoir hydro-fluctuation belt side slope, one end of the shear water drainage hole extends into the side slope sliding surface, the other end of the shear water drainage hole leads to the outside of the side slope, the shear water drainage hole is slightly inclined downwards towards the outer side of the side slope, and the portion, provided with the drainage holes, of the drain pipe is inserted into a side slope rock soil body. According to the structure, the shear strength of the side slope is remarkably enhanced, the water in the side slope rock soil body can be gathered into the drain pipe through the drainage holes, and is discharged to the shear water drainage hole quickly through the drain pipe, the water collected in the shear water drainage hole can be quickly discharged toa river channel, the transverse and longitudinal water drainage in the side slope rock soil body are taken into consideration through the drainage method, and the water is effectively prevented frombeing retained in the side slope.

A method for slope protection and embankment reinforcement of a combined system, comprising the following steps: (1) driving micro piles of different lengths into the slope or embankment; (2) fixing the whole tire as a pile cap of the micro pile on the side slope or in the embankment; Vegetation is planted in the soil layer in the middle space of the tire. Its advantages are: it combines low-cost waste tires with micro-pile groups and green vegetation. It has a simple structure and low cost, and can effectively enhance the stability of the slope and the anti-scouring performance of the vegetation, and solve the problem of slope slippage and soil erosion. Problems, prevent bank collapse and breach, and at the same time achieve the effect of greening the slope.

The multi-level slope protection horizontal anchor reinforcement structure, the slope protection of the road surface is equipped with multi-level slope protection, and each slope protection section is reinforced with cement anchor blocks and horizontal anchor rods; there is a water guide system between each slope protection section; the laying angle of the cement anchor blocks and The grades of slope protection on the pavement have equal slopes; horizontal anchors are arranged between the cement anchor blocks and the slopes of slope protection at all levels; and the horizontal anchors are arranged parallel to each other. The drainage grooves of slope protection at all levels are set along the slope protection at all levels, and the slope of the drainage groove is equal to the slope of the slope protection at all levels; the drainage groove connects the road surface and the subgrade surface; the structure is sprayed with a cement mortar layer on the surface of the water guiding system It is used to prevent the outflow water from seeping into the roadbed, so as to ensure the service life and quality of the roadbed. The water guide system of the present invention is parallel to the cement anchor block and the transverse anchor bar of the graded slope protection, and can effectively reduce the influence of ground drainage on the stability of the roadbed. The structure is simple in construction and has very good practical performance.

The invention relates to a method and a device for delimiting a boundary of an outer dumping site of an open pit coal mine. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring position information of an open-pit mining boundary and position information of a village-society boundary; acquiring position information of a plurality of candidate areas around the open-pit mining boundary; according to the position information of the candidate area and the boundary of the open-pit mining boundary, determining the local boundary of the outer dumping site; according to the position information of the candidate area and the boundary of the village-society boundary, determining the remaining border boundaries of the outer dumping site; and comparing and selecting the plurality of outer dumping sites, and delimiting an optimal outer dumping site boundary according to a preset constraint condition. According to the scheme, the village-society boundary serves as the outer dumping site boundary, the village-society needing to be expropriated is reduced, the relocation compensation time is shortened, the land expropriation cost is reduced, and the economic benefits of enterprises are improved; by means of the mode that the inner dumping site and the outer dumping site are connected in time and press each other mutually, the capacity of the outer dumping site is increased, and the slope stability is improved.

The invention discloses a protection method and a protection device for blocking deep cutting falling rocks. The protection method for blocking the deep cutting falling rocks includes the steps: excavating earth rocks for a plurality of longitudinally and uniformly arranged anchored pile bodies constructed on a falling rock bearing side of a cutting and supporting excavated hole walls; pouring anchored piles; excavating the cutting after the anchored piles achieve design strength; and mounting a breast board between each two adjacent anchored piles after the cutting is excavated and forming pile-sheet retaining walls by the breast boards and the anchored piles. In the protection method, the reinforced concrete anchored piles are firstly constructed on the falling rock bearing side of the deep cutting, a slope is closed by the aid of the reinforced concrete pile-sheet retaining walls formed by the anchored piles and the breast boards, accordingly, earth rock excavation engineering is decreased, slope stability is enhanced, and the capacity of bearing the impact force of perilous falling rocks is also enhanced. Therefore, by the protection method, the cutting can be supported and retained in deep excavation, the perilous falling rocks can be blocked, and the protection method has the advantages of high safety, economy, practicability and convenience in construction.

The invention discloses a multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction method. The multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction method comprises the following steps that S1, protective bent frame construction is conducted, specifically, protective bent frames are erected at the bottoms of a first-stage slope, a second-stage slope and a third-stage slope before construction;S2, anchoring area construction is conducted, specifically, the third-stage slope is anchored through anchor cables, and the second-stage slope is supported through deep anchor rods; S3, static cutting area construction is conducted, specifically, slope toes of the first-stage slope and the second-stage slope are subjected to static cutting, cut stones are hoisted and transported out one by one,and an upper mechanical breaking construction space and a lower slag discharging transportation space are formed; S4, mechanical breaking area construction is conducted, specifically, the remaining slopes after static cutting are subjected to mechanical chiseling construction, and remaining rock bodies are broken; and S5, net hanging construction is conducted, specifically, broken rock bodies on the slopes are removed, and net hanging construction is conducted. According to the construction method, so that multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction is economical, safe and efficient.

The invention discloses a multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction method. The multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction method comprises the following steps that S1, protective bent frame construction is conducted, specifically, protective bent frames are erected at the bottoms of a first-stage slope, a second-stage slope and a third-stage slope before construction;S2, anchoring area construction is conducted, specifically, the third-stage slope is anchored through anchor cables, and the second-stage slope is supported through deep anchor rods; S3, static cutting area construction is conducted, specifically, slope toes of the first-stage slope and the second-stage slope are subjected to static cutting, cut stones are hoisted and transported out one by one,and an upper mechanical breaking construction space and a lower slag discharging transportation space are formed; S4, mechanical breaking area construction is conducted, specifically, the remaining slopes after static cutting are subjected to mechanical chiseling construction, and remaining rock bodies are broken; and S5, net hanging construction is conducted, specifically, broken rock bodies on the slopes are removed, and net hanging construction is conducted. According to the construction method, so that multistage high-strength rock slope cutting construction is economical, safe and efficient.

The invention discloses a carbonaceous rock roadbed structure and a construction method thereof. The construction method comprises the steps that a rubble layer is laid on the upper portion of an original roadbed soil layer, a rubble layer, a carbonaceous rock layer, an improved composite soil roadbed and a pavement structure layer are sequentially laid on the rubble layer, and a modified composite anti-seepage curing agent is evenly sprayed to a roadbed slope; the bottom surface of the rubble layer is a slope inclined to the drainage side, and the top of the rubble layer is a step-shaped horizontal slope surface; the top surface of the rubble layer is higher than the water line and is a slope inclined to the drainage side; each layer of slope surface of the carbonaceous rock stratum is aslope inclining to the drainage side, and the top surface of the carbonaceous rock stratum is a horizontal slope surface; the carbonaceous rock roadbed structure further comprises a drainage system. Disintegration and softening of carbonaceous rock are inhibited through the modified composite anti-seepage curing agent layer, the improved composite soil roadbed, the gravel layer and the rubble layer, the waterproof performance is improved, the strength and stability of the roadbed are guaranteed, the quality of the roadbed is improved, meanwhile, the carbonaceous rock and other waste materialsare fully utilized, and the utilization rate of soil resources is increased.