28results about How to "Avoid disintegration" patented technology

The invention provides a large polyester bio-fiber containing rose active ingredients and a preparation method of the large polyester bio-fiber. The large polyester bio-fiber comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 10-12 parts of polyester chips and 2-3 parts of rose extract microcapsules, the preparation method of the rose extract microcapsule comprises the following steps: adding tannic acid into a sodium alginate aqueous solution, stirring and mixing to obtain a solution A, adding nano-hydroxyapatite, a calcium chloride / glutaraldehyde composite cross-linking agent, a rose extract and lauryl sodium sulfate into a chitosan acetic acid aqueous solution, stirring and mixing to obtain a solution B, and uniformly stirring to obtain the rose extract microcapsule. And mixing and stirring the solution A and the solution B to obtain the rose extract microcapsule. According to the polyester large biological fiber containing the rose active component and the preparation method of the polyester large biological fiber, the rose active component is effectively and uniformly introduced into the polyester fiber, meanwhile, the original physical performance of the fiber is kept, the stability of the active component is further kept, the slow release time is prolonged, and the polyester large biological fiber is endowed with more health functions.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to a berberine tannate oral preparation and a preparation method thereof. The oral preparation comprises berberine tannate, a filling agent, a disintegrating agent, an adhesive and a wetting agent, the filling agent is pregelatinized starch, microcrystalline cellulose and colloidal silicon dioxide; the disintegrating agent is one or more of sodium carboxymethyl starch, cross-linked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and cross-linked polyvinylpyrrolidone. The auxiliary materials of the berberine tannate oral preparation cooperate with one another, so that the flowability and compressibility of the powder are effectively improved, and the obtained final preparation product is excellent in stability and dissolution property and high in bioavailability; in addition, the oral preparation is simple in preparation process and suitable for large-scale production.

The invention discloses activated carbon for capturing carbon dioxide and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method of the activated carbon comprises the steps that waste sludge is dried to constant weight, smashed and sieved to obtain sludge powder, under the protection of inert atmosphere, the sludge powder, oil paint and an initiator azodiisobutyronitrile are heated and stirred in ethyl alcohol, a free radical polymerization reaction is conducted, and the activated carbon is obtained; the preparation method comprises the following steps: precipitating a solid in the process, filtering, drying, preparing oily paint sludge, carbonizing at high temperature in a tubular furnace in which N2 atmosphere is introduced, immersing the obtained carbon material in a KOH aqueous solution, heating, stirring and reacting, after the reaction is finished, carrying out suction filtration and drying, and calcining and activating the dried sample in the tubular furnace in which N2 atmosphere is introduced, thereby obtaining the oily paint sludge. And immersing the activated sample in a sulfuric acid solution, heating and stirring for reaction, and after the reaction is finished, performing suction filtration and drying to obtain the activated carbon product. The activated carbon prepared by the invention has the advantages of low cost, good adsorption selectivity and large CO2 adsorption capacity.

The utility model discloses a novel multifunctional server cabinet, including bottom rail, the bottom rail is provided with the same structure of placing middle cabinet side by side, placing side cabinet is provided with on the both sides of placing middle cabinet, placing middle cabinet includes base, the both sides and intermediate position of base all are provided with stand, the outside of stand is provided with cabinet door, the interval of stand is provided with layer board, is provided with placing groove on the layer board, the position of stand and layer board contact is provided with support baffle, two two corresponding of support baffle and between be provided with structure beam, the utility model discloses simple structure can realize the classified storage of server hardware, and whole cabinet body can extend with a plurality of placing middle cabinet side by side setting can, and the wide scope of application.

The utility model discloses a power transmission line bird repeller belongs to bird repeller technical field. A kind of power transmission line bird repeller, including the mounting frame of detachable connection on electric power tower, the top of mounting frame is provided with bird repelling component, bird repelling component includes rotating base rotation connection in the top of mounting frame, hemispherical cover body is fixedly connected on rotating base, the open end of hemispherical cover body is fixedly connected with reflector, friction block is slidably connected in rotating base, friction block and the circumferential surface of mounting frame are attached, rotating base is rotationally connected with force arm, one end of force arm is abutted with friction block, the other end of force arm is provided with counterweight piece;The utility model force arm cooperation friction block, so that the application can form passive deceleration effect under storm condition, friction block extrudes support rod to make rotating base rotation speed reduce, avoid hemispherical cover body fracture or bird repeller disintegration, prevent the problem of the appearance of the debris after disintegration threat power transmission line insulation safety.

The utility model discloses a quick release rod piece structure for micro tiller, include: a plurality of rod body, a plurality of rod body are inserted in proper order, and the first locking subassembly or second locking subassembly is connected between two adjacent rod body, so that two adjacent rod body can detachable connection. The utility model has solved the problem of big storage space, rod piece easy to loosen or disintegration in the prior art.

The embodiment of the utility model provides an air outlet frame, an air outlet panel and an air conditioner, the air outlet frame comprises two extrusion molding frame walls and two connecting frame walls, and the two extrusion molding frame walls are arranged at intervals in the width direction of the air outlet frame; the two connecting frame walls are arranged on the two opposite sides of the two extrusion molding frame walls in the length direction of the air outlet frame, each connecting frame wall is fixedly connected with the two extrusion molding frame walls, an air passing opening is defined by the two connecting frame walls and the two extrusion molding frame walls, and the length direction is perpendicular to the width direction. According to the air outlet frame, the production process of the air outlet frame can be simplified, so that air outlet frames with different lengths and sizes can be machined conveniently, and it can be ensured that the overall structure of the air outlet frame can meet the reliability requirement.

The invention relates to a striking device for inert and active jet series penetration, belongs to the technical field of ammunition, and solves the problems that in the prior art, shock wave overpressure is formed by front-stage detonation, detonation products and fragments hinder a rear-stage follow-up energy body; and the follow-up energy body at the rear stage cannot smoothly invade through holes formed by explosion of the energy body at the front stage in a follow-up manner. The device comprises a front-stage unit, a rear-stage unit, a fixing sleeve, a flow guide body and a flow guide plate, the front-stage unit comprises a shaped charge liner and an initiating explosive, and the initiating explosive can be exploded, so that the shaped charge liner becomes metal jet flow, and a through hole is formed in a target; and the rear-stage unit is drilled into the target through the through hole to strike the target. Axial detonation waves and fragments generated by explosion of the initiating explosive can be dispersed in the radial direction of the conical surface of the flow guide body of the striking device, the detonation waves and the fragments can be discharged out of the fixing sleeve through the dredging holes, the influence of the detonation waves and the fragments on the rear-stage unit is reduced, and the rear-stage unit is prevented from changing the direction.

The invention discloses a three-phase catalytic oxidation treatment system for printing and dyeing wastewater, belongs to the technical field of sewage treatment, and solves the problems of treatment of wastewater by ozone catalysis, monitoring of missing of trace toxic by-products and metal leaching, poison of effluent and ozone consumption, acidification inactivation circulation and silent collapse of the system. Comprising a pulse electrolysis pretreatment unit used for decomposing pollutants through pulse electrolysis oxidation and adjusting current and duty ratio according to catalyst health degree and bromide ion concentration; the invention discloses a heterogeneous catalytic oxidation main reactor. Bromide ions are reduced through pulse electrolysis, a reaction environment is dynamically regulated and controlled through online metal monitoring to prevent catalyst collapse, and real-time biotoxicity early warning is combined as a final judgment, so that the whole treatment process can sense and break vicious cycles of toxicity generation and catalyst failure in advance, and long-term safety and stability of effluent are ensured.

The application relates to the technical field of water treatment, and discloses an iron-carbon reinforced composite COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) reduction filler and a preparation method thereof, which comprises the following steps: placing elemental sulfur in a heating reactor to melt the elemental sulfur, stirring to obtain a molten sulfur phase containing an alkali source, adding iron-loaded activated carbon to blend to obtain a high-temperature paste material, injecting the paste material into a sheet-shaped mold to be cooled and solidified to be formed, and demolding. Through the use of elemental sulfur to form a solid continuous phase skeleton, the slow-release alkali source and the iron-loaded activated carbon are networked and fixed inside the elemental sulfur, the internal component loss speed is delayed, the physical and chemical structure is maintained to be complete, and an integrated particle structure is formed. The slow-release alkali source is used to release alkalinity to neutralize the acidity accumulation of the reaction interface, buffer the pH fluctuation in wastewater treatment, and hinder the generation of a dense passivation film on the iron surface. The filler can increase the contact area between wastewater and catalytic sites, reduce the fluid resistance of wastewater, and alleviate the flow channel blockage problem caused by flocculation accumulation in long-term operation.

This invention discloses a modified polymethylhydrosiloxane electrolyte additive, its preparation method, electrolyte, and applications, belonging to the field of lithium metal batteries. The additive of this invention has a siloxane main chain, with at least one of carbonate and fluoroalkane substituents and an ether substituent introduced into the side chain. This allows the modified polymethylhydrosiloxane, when used as an electrolyte additive, to effectively reduce side reactions between lithium metal and the electrolyte, inhibit lithium dendrite growth, and maintain the crystal structure of the high-nickel cathode, reducing its disintegration and nickel ion deposition. When compounded with carbonate organic solvents as an electrolyte and applied to lithium metal batteries, it effectively improves the cycle stability and coulombic efficiency of lithium metal batteries.

The present invention provides an application of tannic acid in preparing a medicament against respiratory viruses. The present invention show through live virus experiments that tannic acid has a significant inhibitory effect on respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, Influenza A H1N1 virus, etc., with an exact curative effect, and thus has a broad application prospect in the field of preparation of medicaments against respiratory viruses. In addition, tannic acid exists in a variety of plants, which is a natural active compound existing in nature, and has also been used as a food additive, with a high safety and good foundation for medicament development.

The utility model relates to a refitted compartment of an off-road vehicle, which effectively solves the problems that the existing compartment is not firm enough in structure, has no good heat insulation performance and is inconvenient for the off-road vehicle to transport equipment in an extreme environment. According to the refitted compartment of the off-road vehicle, the first composite structure, the second composite structure, the outer wrapping edge, the inner corner pressing strip, the heat insulation plate and the heat preservation plate are arranged, the first composite structure and the second composite structure can be mutually buckled, and the firmness of connection between the first compartment plate and the second compartment plate can be greatly improved through the outer wrapping edge and the inner corner pressing strip; therefore, the overall connection strength of the carriage is improved, the carriage is effectively prevented from being damaged or disassembled when a vehicle body rolls over or collides, the possibility that internal transportation equipment is damaged is reduced, meanwhile, the heat insulation plate and the heat preservation plate can conduct heat insulation and heat preservation on the whole carriage in an all-around mode, and the situation that precision equipment in the carriage is damaged due to the external extreme environment is avoided; and the safety of transportation equipment is ensured.

The utility model discloses a self-locking wedge-shaped parallel groove clamp which comprises a groove body, the bottom inner wall of the groove body is fixedly connected with a clamping block, the bottom inner wall of the groove body is movably connected with a wedge-shaped block, the lower surface of the wedge-shaped block is provided with a sliding groove, and the side inner wall of the sliding groove is fixedly connected with a magnet. A guide column is fixedly connected to the upper surface of the wedge-shaped block, a pulling plate is movably connected to the side surface of the guide column, a spring is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the pulling plate, and an inserting column is fixedly connected to the lower surface of the pulling plate. According to the structure, through cooperation of the groove body, the wedge-shaped block, the clamping block, the sliding groove, the magnet, the inserting column, the first bolt, the inserting plate and the second bolt, the groove body and the wedge-shaped block can be assembled and disassembled and can be repeatedly used, meanwhile, multiple sets of locking devices are arranged after installation, the situation that the bolts loosen, fall off and are integrally disassembled is avoided, and the stability after overall installation is improved; therefore, electrical faults are reduced, and the device is safer.

The utility model relates to the technical field of sewage treatment, and discloses sewage treatment equipment for optimizing an aeration system, which comprises a sewage treatment tank, an anoxic zone is arranged in the sewage treatment tank, a first-stage aerobic zone is arranged on one side of the anoxic zone, a second-stage aerobic zone is arranged on one side of the first-stage aerobic zone, and a third-stage aerobic zone is arranged on one side of the second-stage aerobic zone. A secondary sedimentation tank is arranged on one side of the secondary aerobic zone, a coagulating tank is arranged on one side of the secondary sedimentation tank, a coagulating sedimentation zone is arranged on one side of the coagulating tank, and an aeration assembly is arranged on the sewage treatment tank. According to the sewage treatment equipment for optimizing the aeration system, the anoxic zone, the first-stage aerobic zone, the second-stage aerobic zone, the coagulating basin and the coagulative precipitation zone are arranged, sewage enters the sewage treatment tank through a collecting pipe network, and the sewage sequentially passes through the anoxic zone, the first-stage aerobic zone, the second-stage aerobic zone, the coagulating basin and the coagulative precipitation zone to complete aeration and impurity separation; water and sludge are respectively discharged through the water outlet and the sludge discharge port, so that impurities in the sewage are conveniently separated.

The invention relates to an electrode, a method for producing the same, and a primary or secondary energy storage device or an electrochemical cell. The electrode of the present invention comprises: (a) a porous chalcogenide-based electrode material, (b) at least one of glass, a polymer, and an amorphous chalcogenide, (c) a second coating layer over a transition layer, the coating layer comprising a 2D material; there is a density gradient between the crystal core and the glass / polymer / amorphous shell; the volume of the crystalline allotrope present in the internal void represents a buffer volume for compensating for volume fluctuations during cell cycling; the electrode active material is composed of binary and / or ternary dopants and has the composition of (SexSy), (TexSy) and (TexSySez), the coated electrode includes at least one sulfur allotrope doped with a chalcogenide, a halogen, or a mixture thereof.

The present invention provides an application of tannic acid in preparing a medicament against respiratory viruses. The present invention show through live virus experiments that tannic acid has a significant inhibitory effect on respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus, Influenza A H1N1 virus, etc., with an exact curative effect, and thus has a broad application prospect in the field of preparation of medicaments against respiratory viruses. In addition, tannic acid exists in a variety of plants, which is a natural active compound existing in nature, and has also been used as a food additive, with a high safety and good foundation for medicament development.

The utility model discloses an assembled anti-pollution curtain device, including a plurality of be used for the partition curtain of stopping pollution, be used for providing the float of buoyancy and be used for providing the locating block of counterweight, both sides of partition curtain all are equipped with the connecting strip, and the connector is equipped between two partition curtains, and both sides of connector all are equipped with the clamping slot, and the connector is connected to two adjacent partition curtains through clamping into the connecting strip at the clamping slot, and the float is equipped with the connecting sheet for being detachably connected with partition curtain. The utility model discloses the connector and connecting sheet are connected to two adjacent partition curtains, to realize the assembled use of anti-pollution curtain, so after the partial breakage of it, can through the dismounting and replacement of the partition curtain of corresponding area, to realize the maintenance and repair of anti-pollution curtain, and because the partition curtain is detachably connected between the float and connecting sheet, so the maintenance of partition curtain only needs to replace itself, to reduce the maintenance cost of anti-pollution curtain.

The utility model is suitable for the technical field of bearings, and provides a stably mounted single-row angular contact ball bearing which comprises a bearing body, the bearing body comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and a ball body, the ball body is installed between the outer ring and the inner ring, a notch is formed in the top of the inner ring, and a limiting block is installed at the notch. According to the single-row angular contact ball bearing stable in installation, due to the arrangement of the limiting block, the whole bearing body can be disassembled and assembled more easily, parts of the bearing body cannot be abraded, the service life of the bearing body is prolonged, the ball body can be positioned through the limiting sleeve and the positioning ring, and the service life of the ball body is prolonged. The ball body is arranged on the bearing body, the situation that the bearing body is clamped or disintegrated due to random rolling of the ball body is avoided, the positioning plate is arranged and can position the fastening ring, the connecting stability of the bearing body is improved, the lantern ring and the fastening piece are arranged, the fastening piece can firmly grasp the surface of the shaft body, and the connecting stability of the bearing body and the shaft body is improved.

The invention relates to a progressive kinetic energy penetration device utilizing energy-gathered jet flow to open holes, belongs to the technical field of ammunition, and solves the problems that in the prior art, shock waves formed by front-stage detonation are overpressure, detonation products and fragments hinder a rear-stage follow-up hitting body, and the impact force is too high. And a rear-stage follow-up striking body cannot smoothly invade into a pre-damage hole formed by explosion of a front-stage striking body in a follow-up manner. The device comprises a first striking body, a second striking body, a connecting cylinder, a dredging block and a connecting rod, the first striking body comprises a shaped charge liner and an initiating explosive, the initiating explosive can make the shaped charge liner become metal jet flow, and a pre-damage hole is formed in a target; and the second striking body drills into the target along the pre-damaged hole to strike the target. Axial detonation waves and fragments generated by explosion of the initiating explosive can be dispersed in the radial direction of the conical surface of the dredging block of the penetration device, the detonation waves and the fragments can be discharged through the flow guide window, the influence of the detonation waves and the fragments on the second striking body is reduced, and the direction of the second striking body is prevented from being changed.

The invention provides a preparation method and application of high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing the following raw materials: polyimide resin, a modified silicon-based filler, a reactive diluent and an anti-aging agent according to a corresponding weight ratio, sequentially adding the weighed polyimide resin, reactive diluent and anti-aging agent into a mixing kettle, and uniformly mixing at room temperature and normal pressure to obtain the high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin. Adding the modified silicon-based filler into the mixed material, uniformly mixing in vacuum at 120-150 DEG C to obtain a high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin precursor, and heating and curing along with the high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin precursor to obtain the high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin. By adding the modified silicon-based filler, the high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin with the glass transition temperature higher than 376 DEG C, the initial decomposition temperature higher than 516 DEG C, the heat conductivity coefficient larger than 0.42 W / (m * DEG C) and the thermal expansion coefficient smaller than 32 PPM / DEG C is obtained, and the heat resistance of the high-temperature-resistant polyimide resin meets the manufacturing requirements of high-temperature parts of spacecraft engines.

The invention discloses an h-MXene composite material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of aqueous zinc ion batteries, and solves the problems of easiness in dendritic crystal growth, serious corrosion, hydrogen evolution and poor cycling stability of an anode of a current aqueous zinc ion battery. The h-MXene composite material is prepared from the following raw materials: MXene and polyethyleneimine, wherein the MXene is Ti < 3 > C < 2 > T < x >. The preparation method of the h-MXene composite material comprises the following steps: firstly, preparing PEI-MXene hydrogel from a polyethyleneimine solution and an MXene solution through a gel method, and then freeze-drying and aging to obtain the hydrogen bond cross-linked MXene composite material. The h-MXene composite material disclosed by the invention is good in mechanical stability, and the Zn (at) h-MXene anode material prepared from the h-MXene composite material has excellent cycling stability.

The invention discloses a ganoderma lucidum tea bag and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of food processing. The preparation method of the ganoderma lucidum tea bag specifically comprises the following steps: (1) extracting active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum and treating residues; (2) preparing an aerogel matrix; (3) cross-linking enhancement and active ingredient loading; (4) freeze drying and product forming; and (5) preparing the tea bag. According to the ganoderma lucidum tea bag, high-value utilization of ganoderma lucidum extraction residues is achieved, the prepared ganoderma lucidum tea bag enables active ingredients of ganoderma lucidum to be instantly dissolved out in hot water by means of the ultrahigh specific surface area and nano-pore channels of aerogel, the problems that a traditional ganoderma lucidum tea bag is slow in flavor and low in dissolution rate are solved, the characteristic that ganoderma lucidum is slow in flavor is combined, and the ganoderma lucidum tea bag has the good taste. The tea bag is compounded with the aerogel, so that the tea bag is endowed with the characteristic of lasting flavor, and the brewing performance and sensory quality of the product are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to a modified plastic master batch and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of plastic master batches. The modified plastic master batch disclosed by the invention is prepared from the following raw materials: carrier resin, sepiolite fibers, modified lignin fibers and modified glass fibers. Melamine is used for modifying the lignin fiber, a formed cross-linked structure improves the thermal stability and mechanical strength of lignin, meanwhile, the nitrogen content of the lignin fiber is greatly increased, and therefore the flame retardant effect of the modified lignin fiber is enhanced; by matching with the sepiolite fiber, a large amount of heat can be absorbed, so that the overall temperature is reduced; in addition, the modified glass fibers are added, so that the modified glass fibers have incombustibility, a formed framework is kept stable at high temperature, and disintegration of the material is prevented. Therefore, the modified lignin fibers, the sepiolite fibers and the modified glass fibers improve the flame retardance of the modified master batch from three dimensions of gas flame retardance, heat absorption and framework stability.

The application provides an electric automobile engine hydraulic tensioner annular transmission device, and belongs to the technical field of transmission devices.The device comprises a lower support, the upper end of the lower support is movably connected with an upper support, an upper support platform and a lower support platform are arranged on the inner side of the lower support, a connecting rod is arranged between each pair of waist-shaped adjusting holes, a driven shaft and a power shaft are connected through synchronous belt transmission, the connecting seat and the telescopic cylinder and the connecting rod and the upper support are connected through a connecting piece, the lateral sides of the connecting seat are connected with the inner side of the lower support through lateral damping, one side of the upper lateral damping is slidably buckled with the inner side wall of the lower support, and longitudinal damping modules are arranged between the lateral sides of the telescopic cylinder and the upper support.The application solves the problem of lack of stability during damping of the existing electric automobile engine hydraulic tensioner annular transmission device, and frequent vibration can cause disintegration of connected parts, which cannot guarantee normal use of the device and shortens the maintenance cycle of the device.

The application discloses degradable swelling hemostatic cotton and a preparation method thereof, and comprises the following steps: melt blending degradable nylon copolymer, polar polymer and crosslinking agent in a banbury mixer to obtain a polymer blend; dissolving the polymer blend in a benign solvent, freeze-drying into hemostatic cotton, and packaging and sterilizing to obtain a finished product. In the process of melt blending, a condensation reaction of carboxyl-amino occurs between the degradable nylon, the degradable polar polymer and the crosslinking agent, a stable chemical crosslinking point is generated through the chemical reaction, the structural integrity of the product can be maintained in the degradation process, and the collapse or breakage phenomenon is avoided.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a solid oxide electrolyte of a lithium battery, which comprises the following steps of: putting at least one first type of salt compound into a first grinding machine, carrying out first vacuum concentration, and then carrying out first-stage anaerobic reaction sintering operation; a first bulk compound is obtained; mixing the first bulk compound with at least one second salt compound, putting the mixture into a second grinding machine, carrying out second vacuum concentration, and then carrying out second-stage aerobic reaction sintering operation to obtain a second bulk compound; and then placing the second bulk compound in a third grinder, grinding and carrying out third vacuum concentration to obtain the final solid electrolyte oxide of the lithium battery. Wherein the at least one first salt compound is a zirconium source compound and a lanthanum source compound; the at least one second salt compound is a lithium source compound, a gallium source compound, an aluminum source compound and a lanthanum source compound, and the lithium battery solid electrolyte oxide is LLZO.

The utility model is applicable to the field of skillful fixing frames, and provides a plug-in type skillful fixing frame, which comprises a base, a plug-in type skillful fixing frame, a plug-in type fixing frame, a plug-in type fixing frame and a plug-in type fixing frame, and is characterized in that the base comprises four bottom beams which are connected and fixed through four connecting seats; the cross beams are inserted and positioned through inserting heads arranged at the ends and first inserting grooves formed in the side faces of the bottom beams; the four supporting legs are inserted and positioned through the arranged first inserting columns and the inserting cavities formed in the connecting bases; and the stand column comprises four column rods, and the column rods are inserted and positioned in the inserting cavity through the second inserting columns. The skillful fixing frame is installed in an inserting mode, compared with a traditional integrally-welded skillful fixing frame, the skillful fixing frame is more flexible to use, in addition, based on the inserting and splicing structure of the skillful fixing frame, skillful fixing frames of other sizes can be obtained by replacing the lengths of a bottom beam, a cross beam and a column rod very conveniently, and the skillful fixing frame is more convenient to use. And on the basis of the shared part connecting base, the supporting legs and the second inserting columns, the purchase cost is greatly reduced.