The invention discloses an aircraft surface temperature sensor test system and test method. The aircraft surface temperature sensor test system comprises an aircraft body, a surface temperature sensor, an airborne telemetering system, a ground telemetering system, a ground test system, a temperature loading device, a standard thermometer and a stopwatch timer. According to the invention, the performance of the surface temperature sensor is respectively tested through a static test and a loading test, the static test is used for interpreting the deviation between the measured value of the surface temperature sensor and the ambient temperature, and the loading test is used for judging whether the data of the surface temperature sensor is normal or not under a load condition; and the problemsthat the correctness of the functions of the aircraft surface sensor and the data acquisition system cannot be verified, and the reliability of the surface pressure sensor system cannot be verified after the aircraft is stored and transported are solved, the surface temperature sensor is used as a subsystem of the whole aircraft for testing, the test operation is simple, the data is clear and reliable, the judgment standard is clear, and the test level of the aircraft sensor system is significantly improved.