The invention discloses a testing device and testing method for simulating the hydraulic fracture characteristic of a concrete bedrock contact surface. The testing device mainly comprises a mold, a steel sheet, pressure measuring guide pipes, a water seal fixture, a water pressure loading system, strain gauges, a clip gauge, a computer and the like. A pair of discs are cut in the mold in a central symmetry mode, can rotate and are used for allowing the steel sheet to be inserted into preformed initial cracks with different thicknesses, widths, roughness and angles; the water seal fixture clamps a test piece in a screwing mode through a screw to seal the water pressure, a high-pressure-resistant water guide pipe is connected with a fixture thread center hole formed in the center of a water seal device through a thread connector, the strain gauges are arranged in the development direction of the cracks, and a coloring agent is added into a water tank connected with the high-pressure-resistant water guide pipe to track the propagation trajectory of the hydraulic fracture cracks. The testing device can be used for studying the hydraulic fracture characteristic of the concrete bedrock contact surface, is simple and convenient to operate and can truly reflect the crack propagation characteristic among contact surfaces of different materials.