The invention discloses a real-time 
dynamic monitoring test device for water 
regimen of a mining working surface. The test device comprises a square transparent container, wherein symmetric partition slots are longitudinally formed in corresponding inner side edges of the container, different baffle plates are inserted into the partition slots to combine a closed region, the closed region is filled with a similar working surface rock 
mass prepared from a similar material, a complete rubber bag, a plurality of electrodes and a plurality of 
stress sensors are embedded into the similar working surface rock 
mass, and the rubber bag is connected with an air 
pipe extending to the outside of the rock 
mass; the plurality of electrodes are connected to an electric cable through wires, and the electric cable is connected with an electrical instrument outside the similar working surface rock mass; the plurality of 
stress sensors are connected with a 
display device outside the similar working surface rock mass through wires; the 
direct current electrical instrument and the 
display device are connected with an early warning device. The invention further discloses a test method adopting the test device. According to the test device and the test method, the similar material 
simulation of the mining working surface can be realized, and the water 
regimen dynamic change in the working 
surface mining process can be monitored in real time.