The invention discloses a control system and method of a direct current load system in response to a frequency modulation requirement of a power grid in a manner of intervals. The system comprises a main circuit system and a control system, the main circuit system comprises a rectification module, a DC/DC module and a direct current load, the control system comprises rectifier control, DC/DC control and direct current voltage droop control, the system performs frequency modulation in the manner of intervals through voltage droop control of the direct current load, and the work mode comprises five operation modes including constant-voltage operation, boosted frequency modulation, voltage-reduction frequency modulation, under-voltage protection and overvoltage protection. According to the system and method, the terminal voltage of the direct current load and the frequency of the power grid are coupled, a rectifier load participates in a frequency modulation process of the power grid as much as possible in the condition of satisfying safe operation and basic operating requirements so that the stability of the power grid can be improved, the control method is simple, the circuit structure is clear, the operation is flexible, the response is rapid, and the application value is good.