The invention discloses a virtual synchronous generator control method based on inertia and damping self-adaption, and belongs to the field of micro-grid operation control. According to the method, a self-adaptive relation between inertia and damping and an angular frequency change rate is designed, so that the system can freely configure inertia and damping according to system characteristics of different stages in a transient process of the system. When the system frequency is in an acceleration stage, the inertia needs to be increased to restrain the increase of the angular velocity of the virtual rotor. Although the large inertia can improve the anti-interference performance, the response speed can be slowed down, and therefore damping should be properly reduced at the same time in the stage to improve the response speed of the system. Meanwhile, according to the method, the threshold value of the angular frequency change rate is set, the inertia and damping change times are reduced, and it is guaranteed that the system is not affected during steady-state operation. According to the method, the overshoot and oscillation time of the system in the transient process are reduced, and the inertia of the system is effectively enhanced.