81results about How to "Shorten learning curve" patented technology

The invention provides a preoperative planning method for hip joint revision surgery. The preoperative planning method comprises the following steps: acquiring pelvis CT data of a patient and reconstructing a pelvis three-dimensional model; performing data measurement on the pelvis three-dimensional model; carrying out registering on a mirror image uninjured side hip bone three-dimensional model and an affected side hip bone three-dimensional model, and determining the position of the central point of the affected side acetabulum; simulating acetabular cup prosthesis placement in the affectedside hip bone three-dimensional model, and determining the acetabular cup prosthesis type; simulating the installation of an acetabular cup prosthesis three-dimensional model, and if the acetabulum onthe affected side is still defective after installation, selecting the number and the positions of acetabular cup cushion blocks or performing filling by using a cup-on-cup technology; and determining the type of a femoral stem prosthesis and the type of a bulb prosthesis. The acetabulum defect area can be accurately determined before an operation, a reasonable operation scheme is formulated, a learning curve is shortened, the operation accuracy is improved, the operation complexity is reduced, the operation time is shortened, the bleeding amount of a patient during the operation is reduced,and the postoperative recovery time is shortened.

The invention provides a preparation method for a percutaneous navigation guide board combined with a body position fixation device, pertaining to the field of medical instruments. The method comprises the following steps: (1) utilizing the body position fixation device; (2) fixing a marker to the skin surface corresponding to a required surgical spot of a human body, which is used for fixing the navigation guide board; (3) utilizing CT scanning technology to scan the required surgical spot to obtain spatial position data of a human body dissecting structure; (4) inputting CT scanning spatial position data into a computer and carrying out digital and three-dimensional reconstruction; (5) simulating operations in the virtual three-dimensional structure and virtually inserting needles / nails on the virtual skin surface where markers are located; (6) fitting the navigation guide board on the virtual skin surface, wherein the navigation guide board is closely attached to the skin surface and can be used for virtual needle / nail insertion adapted to the virtual markers and the navigation guide board has guide pipelines; (7) inputting data of the above virtual guide board into a 3D printer, wherein the 3D printer obtains the percutaneous needle / nail-inserting navigation guide board which can be used in combination with the body position fixation device.

The invention discloses a metal guide plate capable of improving screw-setting precision in a spinal operation and a manufacturing method of the metal guide plate. The manufacturing method mainly comprises steps as follows: target spine model data of a patient are extracted through segmentation editing processing on the basis of CT (computed tomography) / MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) scanned original data about the spine of the patient; CAD (computer-aided design) data are imported into Geomagic, an instruction for removing noisy points in bones is performed, and a three-dimensional solid is obtained; a screw implanting route is simulated on the extracted spine model, a curved surface contacted with the spine is extracted according to the shape and the position of the spine and is sheared with a rectangle, and an operation guide plate matched with a contact part in shape is obtained; positions of guide holes and positioning holes are determined; a three-dimensional CAD data model of a spine implant prosthesis is imported into Magics 17.0 for treatment, a multi-layer slicing two -dimensional CAD data model file of the spine implant prosthesis is obtained and imported into 3D printing equipment, and the operation guide plate is obtained. According to the manufacturing method, the situation that a surgeon depends on traditional experience or expensive equipment such as a navigation system and the like is avoided, the surgeon does not depend on fluoroscopy during an operation and is not affected by posture changes, a learning curve is shortened, and marks are reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical instruments, in particular to a surgical instrument clamping device for an orthopedic surgical robot, which comprises a connecting frame for quickly detaching and connecting a mechanical arm of the surgical robot, the connecting frame is provided with a shaft sleeve assembly, a movable clamping sleeve and an elastic locking part, the shaft sleeve assembly is used for being sleeved with a surgical instrument in a matched mode, the movable clamping sleeve is in coaxial butt joint with the shaft sleeve assembly, the elastic locking part is in transmission connection with the movable clamping sleeve, and the movable clamping sleeve is driven by the elastic acting force of the elastic locking part to clamp the surgical instrument sleeved with the shaft sleeve assembly. And the clamping of the surgical instrument by the movable clamping sleeve is released by operating the elastic locking part. According to the surgical instrument clamping device for the orthopedic surgical robot, stable connection between a mechanical arm of the surgical robot and an orthopedic surgical instrument can be achieved, the surgical precision is improved, connection is easy and convenient, and the surgical time efficiency can be guaranteed and improved.

The invention discloses a method for manufacturing a pair of bonded gloves without sewing threads, which finally replaces the traditional technique of manually sewing by utilizing a sewing machine. Glove elements are bonded on glove cores by utilizing adhesives and machines. Therefore, according to the method for manufacturing the pair of bonded gloves without the sewing threads, which is disclosed by the invention, the manufacturing technique is more simple, the labors, the materials and the working time are reduced, the learning curve is reduced, and the production efficiency is greatly improved; the quality problems, such as needle holes in the gloves, needle leakage, thread breakage and finger twisting, easily generated when workers manually operate sewing machines to sew in the prior art are completely solved, and the quality of the gloves is improved; in addition, when people wear the gloves on the hands, the damages, such as hand limiting and cutting, are avoided, and the protection property and the service life of the gloves are reinforced. The gloves manufactured by the method disclosed by the invention comprise the glove cores and the glove elements, wherein the glove cores are woven by various yarns, the glove elements are formed by cutting off various materials, and the glove elements and the glove cores are bonded together by utilizing the adhesives and the machines and are finally integrally formed, so that the gloves are bonded without the sewing threads.

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing a 3D printing guide plate for a single-open-door cervical vertebra surgery. The method comprises the following steps: reestablishing a cervical vertebra model of a patient according to original cervical vertebra image data of different patients; simulating to determine a position needing to be slotted and a size range of a guide plate on the cervical vertebra model; establishing a three-dimensional model of the guide plate through computer software; and finally, importing three-dimensional data of the guide plate into a 3D printer to manufacture the guide plate. By using the method, a doctor can determine the slotted position according to the cervical vertebra conditions of different patients before the surgery, and can quickly design and prepare the guide plate for auxiliary operation in the single-open-door cervical vertebra surgery according to the collected original image data. On one hand, the position determination is accurate, an optimal pressure reduction effect can be achieved, and the occurrence of complications is reduced. On the other hand, the difficulty of the surgery is reduced, the operation errors of the surgery are reduced, the quality of the surgery is improved, and the learning curve of a young surgeon can be shortened.

The invention discloses a laparoscope three-dimension monitoring system which comprises a three-dimension display system and a three-dimension laparoscope with a double-way parallel picture pick-up system. The three-dimension display system comprises a three-dimension display device and polarized glasses, and the three-dimension display system and the polarized glasses are mutually matched and used. The three-dimension display device comprises an outer shell, a hollow window is formed on one side wall of the outer shell, a first display which is opposite to the window is arranged on the inner side wall of the outer shell, a second display which is perpendicular to the first display is arranged on the inner top wall of the outer shell, and a pellicle mirror is arranged on an angle division line of the first display and the second display. The three-dimension laparoscope is connected with a first camera and a second camera by a two-way video signal cable. The first camera and the second camera are respectively connected with the first display and the second display by an audio video (AV) / video graphic array (VGA) signal converter, and the three-dimension laparoscope is connected with a cold light source by a light guide optical fiber. The laparoscope three-dimension monitoring system achieves three-dimension monitoring under the three-dimension laparoscope, reduces surgery operation difficult, and ensures surgery safety.

The invention discloses a terminal emulation test system and a method for extending a terminal by utilizing the system, aiming at solving the problem existing in separate development of the emulation of each terminal currently. The system adopts three structures of a core processing engine, an external extension interface and an external extension describing, and realizes the emulation of various bank card acceptance terminals, such as ATMs, POS machines, etc. Furthermore, the emulation of terminals of other types can be extended conveniently. Simultaneously, comprehensive test tool supporting functions and a unified emulation using interface are provided. By adopting a layered frame structure, the system of the invention can simplify the development process, improve the reusability of software development and reduce the workload and difficulty of the development while extending different terminal types.

The invention discloses a blood vessel identification method and equipment. By introducing a dual light source system (infrared light source + visible light source) and integrating the existing intelligent optimization algorithm optical system optical element adjustment method, the absorption ratio of infrared light to hemoglobin and other tissues is different. , combined with the optimization of computer algorithms, provides a blood vessel identification laparoscope, which can perform spectroscopic development with common endoscopes, achieve blood vessel identification, and is easy for doctors to use.

The invention discloses a cardiac electrophysiological signal simulation system and a simulation method thereof. The system comprises a transparent cardiac chamber model, a catheter device for a cardiac minimally invasive interventional surgery, a locating system for locating the position of a catheter head and an upper computer containing an electrocardiogram signal upper computer translation program, wherein the cardiac chamber model is connected to the upper computer by virtue of the locating system; the cardiac chamber model is additionally connected to the catheter device; and in accordance with electrocardiogram signals which are pre-saved in the upper computer as well as preset binding relation characteristics in a heart, electrocardiogram signals, which are in correspondence to the cardiac chamber model and a touch point of the catheter head in the catheter device, are translated and displayed on the upper computer by virtue of the electrocardiogram signal upper computer translation program. With the implementation of the simulation system and the simulation method disclosed by the invention, a blank between theoretical training and animal experiments in a cardiac interventional surgery is filled; and on the basis of safe, radiation-free, transparent and intuitive operating experiences, real feedback hand feeling as well as real-time and accurate electrocardiogram signal feedback, the training efficiency of doctors is improve, so that more experienced doctors can be provided within a unit time.

The invention discloses a percutaneous lumbar aperture mirror puncture assisted locator. The percutaneous lumbar aperture mirror puncture assisted locator comprises a base, a crossbar, a slider, and apuncture positioning assembly, the puncture positioning assembly comprises: a horizontal angle instrument, a vertical angle instrument and a puncture sleeve, a first curved slide rail and a second curved slide rail are respectively formed on the horizontal angle instrument and the vertical angle instrument, the vertical angle instrument slides in the first curved slide rail, and the puncture sleeve slides in the second curved slide rail. The puncture-assisted locator of the invention can realize accurate puncture of the intervertebral foramen conveniently and quickly at low cost, avoids blindness of puncture and reduces the risk of neurovascular injury. The puncture-assisted locator is easy to learn and use, the weight is light, and the components can be separately disassembled and placedin a fast-moving box of the apparatus, which has a good promotion and application prospect in the industry. The puncture-assisted locator enables more low-grade specialists to familiarize themselveswith the use of a percutaneous puncture technique and shortens the learning cycle, which is conducive to the clinical application of the procedure.

The invention discloses a portable percutaneous puncture locating device and a locating method implemented via the device. The device comprises a locating frame, a rotary piece and a scale ring, wherein an arc-shaped groove is formed in one end of the locating frame, and angle scales, along the circumferential direction of the arc-shaped groove and the outer wall surface of the scale ring, are arranged on the outer wall surface of the end; the rotary piece comprises a locating end and a rotating end; the locating end of the rotary piece is overlapped with the circle center of the arc-shaped groove; a power unit, by which the locating end of the rotary piece can be driven to rotate, is arranged in the locating frame; the rotary piece can move along a radial direction of the arc-shaped groove; one end of the scale ring is connected to the rotary piece, so that a plane where the scale ring is located is perpendicular to a plane where the end of the locating frame is located; a guide blockis connected to the scale ring; a guide hole, in which a puncture needle is inserted, is formed in the guide block; and a central shaft of the guide hole points to the circle center of the arc-shapedgroove. The puncture guidance device provided by the invention is simple in structure, easy to disinfect and low in cost; and the device is simple and convenient to operate and relatively short in locating duration, and radiation quantities to a patient and operators can be reduced.

The invention provides a pose control method and an optical navigation system and a surgical robot system applicable to the pose control method. The pose control method comprises the following steps of acquiring at least one monitoring image of a monitoring area between an optical tracking system and a surgical area; determining the surgical area based on the position of at least one optical marker; and when it is determined that a shielding object exists in the monitoring area according to the monitoring image, adjusting the position and / or posture of the optical tracking system so as to enable the shielding object to be located outside a new monitoring area formed between the adjusted optical tracking system and the operation area. The pose control method can solve the problem that in the prior art, a marker in an optical surgical navigation system is shielded, so that the surgical efficiency and smoothness are affected.

The inVention discloses a sacroiliac screw digitalized imbedding method based on 3D printing and relates to the technical field of medicine. The method includes the following steps that 1, an ideal safe screw channel for sacroiliac screws is designed by means of Minics software, wherein preoperatiVe pelVis CT scanning data of a patient is collected, the Minics software is imported for three-dimensional reconstruction of a three-dimensional pelVis model, and sacroiliac joints are reset through three-dimensional editing; 2, a naVigation module is designed by means of SolidWorks and Mimics software; 3, 3D printing of a naVigation module entity is carried out; 4, the naVigation module obtained by means of 3D printing is adopted for assisting in embedding the sacroiliac screws. The functions ofthe related software are fully mined, by means of a new design and implementation method, digitalized design and a 3D printing technology, conVenient, radiation-free, safer and minimally inVasiVe embedding of the sacroiliac screws is achieVed with small incisions.

The invention discloses a minimally-invasive S1 sacroiliac joint screw positioning guider which is characterized by including a sliding guide rail (1), a first positioning rod (2), a second positioning rod (3), an anterior superior spine locating sleeve rod (11), a posterior superior iliac spine sleeve rod (12), an S1 spinous process positioning needle (14), an S1 sacroiliac screw sleeve (7), a first guide buckle (4) and a second guide buckle (5). The positioning guider is universal and easy to operate and control, positioning is achieved through constant rules between bone landmarks, the positioning guider does not change along with postures in operations, operation time is reduced, fluoroscopy times are reduced, and learning curves are reduced.

The invention discloses an instrument for safely manufacturing a posterior cruciate ligament tibia tunnel. The instrument comprises a guide pin, a guide pin drilling device, a hollow drill, a hollow drill drilling device and an electric drill for orthopaedics and is characterized in that the surface of the guide pin is carved with a guide pin drilling-in mark and a hollow drill drilling-in mark, a tibia tunnel center guide pin locator is provided with a guide pin depth limiting sleeve, a hollow drill gripped end is provided with a drill jig gripping mark, and the hollow drill drilling device is provided with a guide pin fixer and a hollow drill depth limiting sleeve. Through the clinical application of the instrument, operators can accurately control the guide pin and the hollow drill to drill through the tunnel, and the injury to nerve blood vessels due to the fact that the guide pin and the hollow drill are drilled in too deeply and the guide pin moves along with the hollow drill is effectively avoided, so that the posterior cruciate ligament tibia tunnel is manufactured rapidly and safely.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional reverse customization femoral neck fracture surgical navigator and a using method thereof. The navigator comprises a base which can be fixed to a thigh bone, a guiding base connected with the base through a connecting rod, a guiding pipe moving along the guiding base, a guiding pin and a screw, wherein the bottom of the base fits the thigh bone of the human body in shape. The base, the connecting rod and the guiding base adopt three-dimensional engineering software modeling according to characteristics of a patient and are printed and manufactured through a 3D printer according to the specific characteristics of the thigh bone of the patient, only a small incision needs to be cut in the patient during surgery, the base is placed into incision and positioned, fastening work of the screw can be performed conveniently, the operation process is simple, precision is high, the surgical difficulty can be lowered, and the surgical precision can be improved.

An expandable interbody fusion cage applied to a minimally invasive spine surgery comprises a protective frame body, an upper expansion body, a lower expansion body and an adjusting mechanism, whereinthe adjusting mechanism comprises an adjusting screw, an upper supporting seat, a lower supporting seat, two upper adjusting arms and two lower adjusting arms; the upper ends of the two upper adjusting arms are hinged to the upper supporting seat which is connected with the lower end surface of the upper expansion body; the lower ends of the two lower adjusting arms are hinged to the lower supporting seat which is connected with the upper end surface of the lower expansion body; the lower ends of the two upper adjusting arms are separately hinged to the upper ends of the two lower adjusting arms; the adjusting screw penetrates through hinged portions of the upper adjusting arms and the lower adjusting arms; the portion, which is hinged to the corresponding lower adjusting arm, of one of the upper adjusting arms is connected to a fixing end of the protective frame body; and a threaded hole which is connected with the adjusting screw in a matched manner is formed in the fixing end. By changing the position of a sliding nut on the adjusting nut, the distance between the upper expansion body and the lower expansion body is adjustable, the wound is small, the height of intervertebral space is expanded, and thus, the expandable interbody fusion cage is suitable for clinic application of the orthopedics department.

The invention provides a design method of a guide plate for total hip replacement and related equipment. The method comprises the steps: determining a corresponding three-dimensional image based on the medical image data of a target part, and selecting an adaptive prosthesis model in a pre-stored total hip prosthesis database; generating a simulation guide plate matched with the prosthesis model, and obtaining guide plate design data; wherein the guide plate design data is used for processing and manufacturing the total hip joint prosthesis. According to the invention, design difficulty of the artificial total hip joint guide plate is reduced, the design period of the guide plate is shortened, the production efficiency of the guide plate used for the artificial total hip joint replacement surgery is remarkably improved, an operator is assisted to finish the surgery more accurately and efficiently, and the clinical effect is further improved.

The invention discloses a multi-target-oriented fine-grained compilation self-tuning method, which comprises the following steps: S1, determining a compilation optimization target according to a userdemand; s2, performing code core segment identification, namely splitting the execution time of the program, sorting core segment functions in the program according to the execution time of the program, and selecting a plurality of core segment functions with the longest execution time of the program according to a set threshold n; s3, performing instrumentation on the code, and selecting a corresponding instrumentation interface for quantitatively evaluating a compiling optimization effect according to a compiling optimization target; s4, modifying the configuration file, and starting a self-tuning operation; and S5, performing clustering analysis on the historical information of the tuning result, and modifying a heuristic strategy of an iterative process. According to the invention, theperformance potential of compiling optimization options can be mined, the user friendliness of a compiler is improved, and a learning curve of a user for application tuning is shortened.

The invention discloses a derivative time series data manufacturing method based on a dolphindb database. The method comprises the following steps of importing original time series data of various data sources into the dolphindb database to be stored; saving metadata of the original time series data in a relational database; querying a group of original time series data, writing a calculation formula of the derived time series data on the cross section data and the time series data by using an excel function, and making metadata of the derived time series data; and when a query request of the derivative time series data is received, calculating a result of returning the derivative time series data in real time according to the unique identifier, the starting time and the ending time of the derivative time series data. Unified data query service sharing is used, the production efficiency is improved, metadata for compiling derivative data by using an excel function is reserved, skills of researchers are not changed, learning curves are reduced, and using habits of smooth transition are achieved.

The invention discloses a dynamic monitoring system and method for placement of a pedicle screw. A linear laser emitter is used for emitting linear lasers, so that an X axis of a three-axis acceleration sensor is adjusted to be parallel to the spinous process; the three-axis acceleration sensor is used for monitoring gravitational acceleration components corresponding to the axes of a placing device in real time; a tension and pressure sensor is used for monitoring the resistance of an open device in a matched apparatus in the circuit opening process in real time; a torsion sensor is used for monitoring the torsion of the pedicle screw in the placing process in real time; a single chip microcomputer is used for calculating the sagittal view angles and cross section angles of the placing device according to the gravitational acceleration components, and transmitting the sagittal view angles, the cross section angles, the torsion values and the resistance values to a wireless receiver through a wireless emitter; a controller controls a display screen to display the sagittal view angles and the cross section angles which are continuously transmitted, so that a torsion value oscillogram and a resistance value oscillogram are respectively displayed, and controls a storage to store the oscillograms, the sagittal view angles and the cross section angles.

The invention relates to a locking and external fixation device used for treatment of tibial fractures, pertaining to the technical field of medical equipment. The device comprises a rectangular frame body and multiple screws. Multiple threaded holes are transversely formed in the rectangular frame body. The screws are screwed into the threaded holes. The threaded holes in the frame body match threads of the screws so that the effect of connecting the frame body with the screws is achieved. The locking and external fixation device used for treatment of tibial fractures has following beneficial effects: the locking and external fixation device belongs to the concept of external fixation and therefore a wound is small with little bleeding; a cut is reduced by times and only 3 to 4 cm in size and the scar is small and attractive; operative complications are increasingly reduced; due to the external fixation, the risk of a secondary operation is lowered; medical cost is saved for a patient; the device is made by light-weight material such as stainless steel, titanium alloy and the like; compared with a conventional external fixation frame, the frame body of the locking and external fixation device is small in size and low in weight and cause little harm to a patient and help the patient recover; damage to a pin track is little; complications of the pin track are fewer; the device is not easily loosened and loses efficacy; and safety of the operation is enhanced.

The invention relates to a distal femur customized osteotomy guide plate used for knee replacement surgery and an implementation method. The osteotomy guide plate comprises a No.1 osteotomy guide plate unit and a No.2 osteotomy guide plate unit, the No.1 osteotomy guide plate unit comprises a first bottom bone surface composite positioning structure, a second bottom bone surface composite positioning structure, an inner side bone surface positioning structure, an outer side bone surface positioning structure, a No.1 positioning nail through hole, a distal femur plane bone cutting groove and a distal femur front condyle surface bone cutting groove, and the No.2 osteotomy guide plate unit comprises a front condyle surface positioning structure, a No.2 positioning nail through hole, a distal femur plane positioning structure, a front condyle inclined plane bone cutting groove, a rear condyle inclined plane bone cutting groove and a rear condyle surface cutting groove. The No.1 osteotomy guide plate unit is positioned in a manner of applying the positioning structure to the distal femur surface, the No.2 osteotomy guide plate unit s positioned through the position of the positioning nail after the No.1 osteotomy guide plate unit is used and a plane obtained after the front condyle surface is subjected to osteotomy, and by using the No.1 osteotomy guide plate unit and the No.2 osteotomy guide plate unit cooperatively, the positioning and osteotomy accuracy can be effectively improved.

Embodiments of the invention provide a silicone stent, an implanting system and a manufacturing method, and relates to the technical field of medical apparatus and instruments. The silicone stent includes a mesh frame and a silicone body formed on the mesh frame. As the stent body of the silicone stent is jointly formed by the mesh frame and the silicone body and the mesh frame circumferentially covers the silicone body, the mesh frame on an axial direction can extend to the far end of the silicone body from the near end of the silicone body, so that the supporting force of the stent body canbe effectively enhanced through the mesh frame; compared with the supporting force, which is provided by silicone bodies, of the stent bodies of existing silicone stents, the provided silicone stent can greatly decreased the wall thickness of the stent body, so that the silicone stent can be placed in an implanting device during implantation; and as the silicone stent can be implanted under the side view of a soft bronchoscope by adopting a traditional OTW manner through the implanting device, implanting difficulty and operation difficulty can be reduced, so that the learning curves of implanting operation can be effectively shortened.

The invention discloses a vibrating device for urethral repair. The device comprises a metal probe and a machine body. The machine body comprises a shell, a power switch and a strength adjusting switch are installed on the surface of the shell, and a driver, a motor, a lithium battery and a circuit board are arranged in the shell. The lithium battery is used for supplying power to the motor. The circuit board, the power switch and the strength adjusting switch are matched and used for controlling starting and rotation frequency of the motor. The driver is connected with the motor and the metal probe and used for driving the metal probe to vibrate when the motor rotates. The vibrating device has the following advantages that the non-surgical urethral dilatation process is standardized, the treatment effect is guaranteed, automatic operation is achieved, treatment strength is adjusted according to types of patients, the long-term treatment effect of urethral stricture dilatation is improved, and the effect of gradually repairing the urethra is achieved. The learning curve of urethral dilatation is shortened and work efficiency is improved. By means of the device, non-surgical urethral dilatation treatment and repair serve as long-term means so as to achieve the aim of the long-term effect of non-surgical urethral stricture treatment.

The invention discloses a posterior cruciate ligament lower dead center positioner. The positioner comprises a positioner handheld part, a tibia fixing part, a guide sleeve, a depth limiting sleeve and a depth limiting drill bit, the whole handheld part of the positioner is in an arc-shaped handle shape. A hollow wire channel is formed in the upper part; the outlet of the hollow wire channel is positioned at the vertex of the handheld part of the positioner; three fixing holes with the inner diameter of 2.00 mm are formed in the rear end of the positioner fixing part and used for fixing the positioner to the tibia cortex, the positioner tibia fixing part is an arc with the diameter of 11 cm, and the upper end of the positioner tibia fixing part slides into the sliding rail of the positioner handheld part and is locked and fixed by screws on the sliding rail at the same time. The posterior cruciate ligament graft can be quickly and safely built on the premise that an inner posterior approach is not built, the posterior cruciate ligament graft can be easily pulled into the femur and the tibia bone tunnel, the operation time can be shortened, the operation safety and repeatability canbe improved, the operation difficulty can be reduced, and the learning curve of young doctors can be shortened.