The invention provides a specific detection method for a trace amount of breast adenocarcinoma cells in circulatory blood volume, which comprises: mixing a first adaptor coupled with a magnetic particle and a second adaptor coupled with nano gold particles with a sample to be mixed separately or at the same time; and detecting, identifying and/or quantifying target molecules. In addition, the invention also relates to a reagent for treating the blood sample to be treated, an intermediate, a detection kit and the like, which are used in the method. The method is simple and convenient for use and has high sensitivity, high specificity, high repeatability, quick result delivery, no need of complex instruments, and no special skills. Particularly, even if the sample to be detected is detecteddirectly without accurate purification, the method can still keep practical sensitivity and specificity; and thus, the detection operation is facilitated greatly, the consumption of a reagent is saved, the detection process is accelerated, and the method and the kit can be promoted for actual industrial application.