The invention relates to the technical field of food processing, and discloses a peanut kernel shelling device which comprises a device body, a placing opening is formed in the upper end of the device body, and a shelling mechanism and a film removing mechanism used for removing films on the surfaces of peanut kernels are arranged in the device body. The shelling mechanism comprises a rolling shaft, a rubber blocking block, an oval air bag, a special-shaped air bag, an elastic extrusion rod, a positioning rod, a reset memory plate, a rolling ball, a shelling rod and a reset spring, the rolling shaft is rotationally installed in the device body, an arc-shaped groove is formed in the surface of the rolling shaft, the rubber blocking block is fixedly installed in the arc-shaped groove, an extrusion opening is formed in one side of the rubber blocking block, the other side of the rubber blocking block is oval and hollow, the oval air bags are fixedly installed in the arc-shaped groove, and the number of the oval air bags is two. According to the invention, peanut kernels can be well separated from shells, meanwhile, damage to peanuts can be reduced, and the integrity of the peanuts is kept.