166 results about "Arbitrary-precision arithmetic" patented technology

A functional unit is added to a graphics processor to provide direct support for double-precision arithmetic, in addition to the single-precision functional units used for rendering. The double-precision functional unit can execute a number of different operations, including fused multiply-add, on double-precision inputs using data paths and/or logic circuits that are at least double-precision width. The double-precision and single-precision functional units can be controlled by a shared instruction issue circuit, and the number of copies of the double-precision functional unit included in a core can be less than the number of copies of the single-precision functional units, thereby reducing the effect of adding support for double-precision on chip area.

A multiplier array processing system which improves the utilization of the multiplier and adder array for lower-precision arithmetic is described. New instructions are defined which provide for the deployment of additional multiply and add operations as a result of a single instruction, and for the deployment of greater multiply and add operands as the symbol size is decreased.

A film thickness measurement apparatus has an image pickup part (32) for acquiring a plurality of single-band images corresponding to a plurality of wavelengths, and the image pickup part (32) acquires a plurality of reference single-band images representing a pattern on a reference substrate. A correction factor setting part (51) performs setting of a plurality of correction factors in accordance with distances from a specified pixel by using a plurality of reference single-band images. Subsequently, the image pickup part (32) acquires a plurality of measurement single-band images representing a pattern on an objective substrate and corrects a value of the specified pixel for each of a plurality of measurement single-band images by using the value of the specified pixel and values of pixels surrounding the specified pixel and the correction factors. A spectral reflectance calculation part (52) thereby calculates a reflectance at a measurement point on the objective substrate which corresponds to the specified pixel on the basis of the corrected value of the specified pixel with high accuracy.

Embodiments detailed herein relate to arithmetic operations of float-point values. An exemplary processor includes decoding circuitry to decode an instruction, where the instruction specifies locations of a plurality of operands, values of which being in a floating-point format. The exemplary processor further includes execution circuitry to execute the decoded instruction, where the execution includes to: convert the values for each operand, each value being converted into a plurality of lower precision values, where an exponent is to be stored for each operand; perform arithmetic operations among lower precision values converted from values for the plurality of the operands; and generate a floating-point value by converting a resulting value from the arithmetic operations into the floating-point format and store the floating-point value.

To provide an image processing device that calculates a parameter used for correcting large video jitter with high accuracy even when the accuracy of a sensor for measuring a movement of a photographing device is low. The image processing device includes: a constraint condition generating unit (130) that generates a constraint condition using sensor information such that a parameter value falls within a range; and a parameter calculating unit (140) that calculates the parameter according to the constraint condition. The constraint condition generating unit (130) has: a feature vector generating unit (131) that generates a feature vector showing features of the sensor information; and a motion classifying unit (such as 132) that identifies a movement of the photographing device according to the feature vector generated by the feature vector generating unit (131), on the basis of an association between the feature vector and the movement of the photographing device, the association being obtained as a result of previously-executed machine learning of the feature vector and an actual movement of the photographing device. The constraint condition generating unit (130) determines the range corresponding to the information of the movement of the photographing device, the movement being identified by the motion classifying unit (such as 132).

A system for facilitating microscope-based specimen analysis is disclosed. The system includes an improved optical microscope, which may be used, in one application, to analyze cell and tissue samples from specimens obtained from patients, to facilitate inspection of suspicious materials and identification of atypical or abnormal cells and further expert review. The system includes a motorized plate, an automatic focusing sub-system, an improved light source, an improved simple plug connector for direct hookup of the microscope to an external computer, and an electronic image capturing and analyzing sub-system for automatic scanning of the sample and for electronic capture and storage of images indicative of the specimen.

The invention discloses a method of estimating permeability of a low porosity and permeability reservoir and belongs to the field of petroleum geological prospecting. The method comprises: calculating limestone porosity according to acoustic, neutron and density logging curve; calculating first shale content index according natural potential logging curve; calculating second shale content index according to natural gamma logging curve; calculating lithological index of reservoir rock according to the limestone porosity calculated according to the acoustic, neutron and density logging curve; calculating particle diameter of the reservoir rock according to the first shale content index, the second shale content index and the reservoir lithological index; calculating cementation index according to statistical fitting relation between resistivity and the porosity; estimating permeability according to the particle diameter d of the reservoir rock and the cementation index m of the reservoir. High-precision calculation results for the permeability of the low porosity and permeability reservoir are achieved by using the calculation relation between the various logging curves and the permeability of the invention, and a powerful tool is provided for evaluating the permeability of a reservoir with low porosity and permeability, complex lithology and complex porous structure.

A microscope frame structure having a front brace for added stability and having a dual plate structure. The front brace is rigidly coupled to the front ends of an upper portion and a base portion. The upper portion then carries optical elements such as a camera for instance. In effect, the optical elements thus reside on a bridge structure, with substantially the same structural support at both ends of the bridge. The arrangement is particularly useful in automated specimen imaging and analysis systems. The dual frame is composed of an upper plate, which supports a sample, a lower plate which contacts an elevating screw, and a spacer post in between the upper plate and lower plate. This configuration allows for more stable movement of samples.

The invention discloses a method for capturing, tracking and processing satellite optical communication. The method comprises the following steps: (1) capturing the field of view of a detector by a satellite so as to acquire the beacon light which is transmitted by an other-side telecommunication satellite laser load, and carrying out imaging on the beacon light so as to acquire the position of facula; (2) adjusting antenna according to the position of the facula so as to enable the facula to be positioned in a field of view with the pixel size of M*M; (3) adjusting the facula to be positioned in a field of view with the pixel size of N*N through quickly rotating a mirror to align with the facula; and (4) continuously detecting the position of the facula in the field of view of N*N, and returning to the step (3) when the facula skips out of the field of view with the pixel size of M*M. With the adoption of the method for capturing, tracking and processing the satellite optical communication, disclosed by the invention, the high-accuracy computation for the facula can be realized under the condition of the astigmation and the halation of the facula, and the change of the optical communication link distance and the irregular circular spot of the facula, thus the establishment of capturing and tracking of the satellite optical communication can be rapidly and effectively realized.

A transmitting apparatus adds a common pilot symbol and known series for each data slot of a subcarrier group. A receiving apparatus combines SIR calculation values obtained for each subcarrier group, and averages the SIR calculation values. Based on this, it is possible to obtain a high-precision SIR calculation value even when there is a level fluctuation such as shadowing.

The present invention relates to a winter wheat plantation area calculation method based on a winter wheat area index. The comprises: performing preprocessing of multi-date remote sensing image, and obtaining the NDVI data in a winter wheat growth period; dividing the multi-date remote sensing image into regular nets, setting weight sample central points on the regular girds, and employing a visual interpretation mode to determine the types of the samples in the girds as winter wheat and non-winter wheat; obtaining the NDVI values corresponding to the weight sample central points in the multi-date gird data, respectively calculating the NDVI mean values of the winter wheat and non-winter wheat, comparing the size of the two and setting the weight; performing weight operation of the NDVI mean values according to the weight setting result to obtaining the winter wheat area index; and employing a self-adaptive mode to extract the winter wheat area index optimal threshold value, and obtaining the plantation area of the winter wheat. The winter wheat plantation area calculation method based on the winter wheat area index can realize the high-precision calculation of the winter wheat area of the area scale of the multi-date high resolution images, the degree automation of the method is high, and the consistency of the identification result is high.

A system for frequency-domain scaling for DCT computation. Scale factors are applied to coefficients during the final steps of composition of 2-point DCTs. The number of multiplications and required precision are reduced. Fixed values for various scale factors can be computed and stored prior to executing the DCT so that performance can be improved. The fixed values are derived by knowing the length of the time-domain sequence. Some fixed values can be derived independently of the length of the time-domain sequence. The approach of the invention can also reduce the number of multiplications to compute the transform, and allow smaller bit-width sizes by reducing the number of required high-precision calculations.

B1 distribution is calculated in a short time with a high degree of precision, and a high quality image is obtained. In the RF shimming for irradiating electromagnetic waves using an RF coil having multiple channels, the absolute values of subtraction images between multiple reconstructed images are used to calculate a transmitting sensitivity distribution which is necessary for calculating inter-channel phase difference and amplitude ratio of RF pulses provided to the respective channels. Those multiple reconstructed images are obtained by executing the imaging sequence after applying a prepulse at different flip angles respectively. Assuming an image obtained with a minimum flip angle as a reference image, for instance, the subtraction images are created between the reference image and the other respective images. It is also possible that multiple subtraction images being obtained are divided by one another, and the transmitting sensitivity distribution is created on the basis of the division result.

An image pickup apparatus which is capable of calculating light amount changing characteristics of an object with high accuracy and enlarging a dynamic range during photometric measurement. An image pickup device of the image pickup apparatus has a plurality of unit pixel areas arranged in a two-dimensional matrix, and a first pixel and a second pixel are included in each of the unit pixel areas. When a flicker detection mode in which an image signal for use in calculating the light amount changing characteristics of the object is obtained is selected, a first accumulation period and a second accumulation period for the first pixels and the second pixels, respectively, are set such that a first barycentric position which is a barycentric position of the first accumulation period and a second barycentric position which is a barycentric position of the second accumulation period correspond to each other.

The invention provides a calculation method of soil engineering grid tensile force inside multilayer ribbed cushion layer; the method comprises the following steps: firstly judging a pile net composite foundation plane layout parameter, then determining equivalent linear distribution loads at a ribbed cushion layer surface, and the like; determining a cross section parameter of a ribbed cushion layer equivalent composite plate structure; and then based on an elastic grade beam analyzing method, determining a ribbed cushion layer deformation equation and an internal force equation from a deformation coordinate boundary condition; based on the ribbed cushion layer deformation equation and the internal force equation, calculating a soil engineering grid tensile force caused by the deformation when the embankment filled earth subsides; based on an internal force balance equation under an embankment filled earth transverse slide threshold status, calculating the soil engineering grid tensile force caused by the embankment transverse slide; and finally, superposing the soil engineering grid tensile forces caused by the embankment filled earth subside deformation and the transverse slide, thereby obtaining the needed soil engineering grid tensile force parameter. In condition that multiple layers of soil engineering grids are laid on the top cushion layer of the pile net composite foundation piles, the calculation method is able to precisely calculate the tensile force parameter of each layer of soil engineering grid inside the cushion layer.

The invention discloses a navigation enhancing method based on low track satellite. Through the calculation of the distance between a low track satellite to a navigation satellite, the influence of the troposphere and the ionosphere can be avoided and a more diagonal variance-covariance matrix is created so that the calculated distance from the low track satellite to the ground becomes more effective and accurate. According to the invention, through the use of the fact that the geometrical position of a low track satellite changes greatly and through the geometrical relationship to indirectly realize the rapid, effective and accurate calculation of pseudo range, the effect of enhanced navigation is realized.

The present invention provides a single set of mass spectrometer capable of selectively performing the following two modes of analyses according to the purpose of analysis: the first mass spectrometry mode in which the analysis can be repeated at short intervals of time; and the second mass spectrometry mode in which the analysis can be performed with high mass resolution and high accuracy. In an embodiment of the present invention, ions ejected from an ion source 1 travel along a straight path B, on which gate electrodes 3 are provided. When a voltage is applied from an MS mode selection controller 7 to the gate electrodes 3, the ions are introduced into a loop orbit A. Located on the loop orbit A is a second ion detector 6, which is a nondestructive type of ion detector. Detection signals of the second ion detector 6 are sent to a data processor 9, which extracts flight time spectrum data from those signals and Fourier-transforms those data to convert the time axis to a frequency axis. From the frequency spectrum thus created, the mass-to-charge ratio of each ion is calculated with high accuracy. When no voltage is applied to the gate electrodes 3, the ions ejected from the ion source 1 travel along the straight path B and arrive at a first ion detector 5. This mode of analysis requires only a short period of time and can achieve a high level of time resolution.

A frequency translator uses a CORDIC phase rotator coupled to a phase accumulator to translate an input signal in frequency. The CORDIC phase rotator performs required phase angle rotations of input vectors using only shift and add operations. Thus, the frequency translator can be readily implemented in hardware. Higher precision arithmetic is used in the CORDIC phase rotator operations than the input vectors contain. To avoid truncation error at the output of the CORDIC phase rotator, stochastic rounding is employed. A dither signal is added to avoid errors due to nonlinear operation of D/A converters, where D/A conversion of the frequency translated signal is required.

The invention discloses a satellite orbit determination method for the eccentricity of a frozen orbit. The method comprises the following steps: setting an initial orbit parameter; converting the mean element of an orbit element to an instant element; calculating the orbit element within the service life under the assistance of STK (Satellite Tool Kit) software; performing extreme value processing to extract the eccentricity, and updating the frozen orbit. By adopting the method provided by the invention, the defects of complex calculation and long time during calculation by adopting a high-accuracy calculation method or simple calculation process and low accuracy in a low-accuracy calculation method during determination of the eccentricity of the original frozen orbit are overcome.

The invention discloses a road engineering earthwork quantity high-precision calculation method based on BIM technology, which solves the technical problem that the error generated by calculating theroad engineering earthwork quantity by using the existing earthwork quantity calculation method is large. The method comprises the following steps: 1, obtaining the DEM data point cloud of the original terrain; 2, according to the DEM data cloud of the original terrain, fitting the original terrain surface of the original terrain; 3, constructing a design surface model of the engineering project,and stitching the design surface model to the original terrain surface fitted in the step 2; 4, taking the horizontal datum surface with the elevation of 0 as the bottom surface, respectively constructing the three-dimensional models of the original terrain surface and the suture surface; 5, analyzing the three-dimensional model constructed in step 4 and calculating the earthwork quantity of the project. The invention adopts the BIM technology and the three-dimensional modeling software, and puts forward a high-precision calculation method for the accounting problem of earthwork quantity in the road engineering.

The invention relates to a method for quantitatively evaluating saturation of a complex oil and gas reservoir. A calculation formula of a rock conductive hole porosity is deduced based on a Maxwell conduction equation; and in combination with a result of the electric petrophysical experiment of 12 rock properties, the relationship among cementation indexes and an effective porosity and a conductive hole porosity difference corresponding to the cementation index can be deduced, so that a high-precision calculation model of the cementation index in an Archie equation can be exactly established. According to the method, the relationship between the effective porosity and the conductive hole porosity is established, so that the calculation model of the cementation index can take the conductive hole porosity as a bridge to deduce a universality expression between the cementation index and the effective porosity in the Archie equation; and the method has strong universality, and can comprehensively reflect conductive mechanisms of the complex reservoir. The invention provides an effective method with high precision and strong universality for quantitatively evaluating the saturation of a complex porosity type reservoir by using the Archie equation; and the method can be widely used for quantitatively evaluating the saturation of various complex porosity type reservoirs.

A processor for performing a multiply-add instruction on a multiplicand A, a multiplier B, and an addend C, to calculate a result D. The operands are double-precision floating point numbers and the result D is a canonical-form extended-precision floating point number having a high order component and a low order component. The processor is a fused multiply-add processor with a multiplier, an adder, a normalizer and a rounder. The post-adder data path, the normalizer and the rounder each have a data width sufficient to represent post-adder intermediate results to permit the high and low order words of a correctly-rounded result D to be computed. The mantissas of the extended-precision result D are provided such that the high order word mantissa is stored to double precision registers.