113 results about "Bipolar voltage" patented technology

A state of charge indicator includes a current sensing circuit for sensing and converting charge or discharge current of a battery into a bipolar voltage. A counter circuit counts battery charge. A charge / discharge circuit is operatively connected to the current sensing and counter circuits and detects the voltage polarity from the current sensing circuit and sets the counter circuit to a count mode with an up or down count for a respective charge or discharge. A reset circuit is operative with the current sensing circuit, counter circuit and charge / discharge circuit for resetting the counter circuit to an actual state-of-charge of the battery after delay when the battery is idle representative of a battery open circuit voltage.

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) device and method is provided. The ESD device can comprise a substrate doped to a first conductivity type, an epitaxial region doped to the second conductivity type, and a first well doped to the first conductivity type disposed in the substrate. The first well can comprise a first region doped to the first conductivity type, a second region doped to a second conductivity type, and a first isolation region disposed between the first region and the second region. The ESD device can also comprise a second well doped to a second conductivity type disposed in the substrate adjacent to the first well, where the second well can comprise a third region doped to the first conductivity type, a fourth region doped to the second conductivity type, and a second isolation region disposed between the third region and the fourth region. Still further, the ESD device can include a first trigger contact and second trigger contact comprising highly doped regions of either conductivity type, the first trigger contact disposed at a junction between the first well and the second well, and the second trigger contact disposed at either well.

Disclosed is a low frequency stimulator provided in a mobile terminal, which comprises a high-voltage pulse generator for adjusting a voltage of the mobile terminal to a level suitable for low frequency stimulation; an output controller for outputting a voltage output from the high-voltage pulse generator in a unipolar or bipolar format and controlling the cycle of the output voltage; an electrode section for delivering a stimulation pulse according to the voltage output from the output controller; and a control section for controlling a first switching signal applied to the high-voltage pulse generator to adjust the level of the voltage and controlling a second switching signal applied to the output controller to output a unipolar or bipolar voltage of the controlled cycle.

A plasma processing system is provided that includes a chamber having a lower electrode coupled to a substrate support and an upper electrode coupled to ground. The plasma processing system having a plasma processing volume that is defined between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. A direct current (DC) to direct current (DC) converter is provided to receive at an input a DC voltage input and supply at an output an amplified DC voltage signal that includes a radio frequency (RF) component. The DC voltage input follows a pulsing pattern that is digitally programmable. The output of the DC to DC convertor is connected to the lower electrode of the chamber. A controller is interfaced with the DC to DC converter to set the pulsing pattern. In one example, the DC to DC converter uses one of a bipolar or non-bipolar DC voltage supply and a RF generator is driven by a DC voltage supply. The RF generator is configured to produce a frequency ripple that defines the RF component.

An electrostatic discharge (ESD) device and method is provided. The ESD device can comprise a substrate doped to a first conductivity type, an epitaxial region doped to the second conductivity type, and a first well doped to the first conductivity type disposed in the substrate. The first well can comprise a first region doped to the first conductivity type, a second region doped to a second conductivity type, and a first isolation region disposed between the first region and the second region. The ESD device can also comprise a second well doped to a second conductivity type disposed in the substrate adjacent to the first well, where the second well can comprise a third region doped to the first conductivity type, a fourth region doped to the second conductivity type, and a second isolation region disposed between the third region and the fourth region. Still further, the ESD device can include a first trigger contact and second trigger contact comprising highly doped regions of either conductivity type, the first trigger contact disposed at a junction between the first well and the second well, and the second trigger contact disposed at either well.

A power conversion device includes at least two legs connected in parallel each of which includes at least two unit converters connected in series, wherein at least one of the legs is formed using at least two kinds of unit converters including a first type unit converter capable of outputting a unipolar voltage and a second type unit converter capable of outputting a bipolar voltage.

A method for removing a substrate that is attached to a bipolar electrostatic chuck (ESC) by application of a bipolar ESC voltage is provided which includes discontinuing the bipolar ESC voltage after processing a current substrate, and determining a monopolar component error of the processing. The method also includes correcting the monopolar component error for a subsequent substrate.

A charge pump circuit with bipolar output comprises a first switch capable of selectively connecting a first input terminal of a transfer capacitor to a voltage source, a second switch capable of selectively connecting a first input terminal of a first storage capacitor to said first input terminal of said transfer capacitor; a third switch capable of selectively connecting a second input terminal of said transfer capacitor to said voltage source; a fourth switch selectively connecting said second input terminal of said transfer capacitor to a ground terminal; and a fifth switch selectively connecting said second input terminal of said transfer capacitor to a second input terminal of a second storage capacitor. The charge pump circuit is collocated with clock signals to be selectively driven by a four-phase signal so as to produce bipolar voltages with magnitudes higher than the input voltage with minimum number of switches and capacitors and also accomplish the highest efficiency.

The invention relates to a shifting register unit, a gate drive circuit and a displayer. The shifting register unit comprises an input module, a drive module, a pull-down module and a low level maintaining module; the low level maintaining module comprises a first maintaining unit, a second maintaining unit and a positive and negative bothway polarity potential generation unit; and the positive and negative bothway polarity potential generation unit is used for generating positive and negative bothway polarity potentials in the non-gating stage of the shifting register unit and outputting the positive and negative bothway polarity potentials to the low level maintaining control end. All transistors in the shifting register unit are prevented from staying under direct-current stress; the key transistors will stay under positive and negative bipolar pulse stress polarization within a period of time; threshold voltage shifting of the key transistors is accordingly restrained; and the service life of the circuit is prolonged. In addition, positive and negative bipolar voltage polarization is achieved through fewer transistors and fewer capacitors; the circuit design complex rate is low; and the rate of finished products is high. The displayer is high in reliability and low in production cost.

A non-invasive method for the treatment of sores having substantially zero electrical activity, including the steps of: (a) situating a pair of spaced-apart electrodes in contact with healthy tissue on opposite sides of an area containing cells to be treated, and (b) externally inducing a percutaneous flow of electrical current between said electrodes through said area by establishing an external bipolar voltage wave form across said electrodes at a frequency of between 2 Hz and 10 Hz. Preferably, at least one of the positive and negative voltage half cycles contains at least two peaks. The treatment method is particularly appropriate for bedsores.

The invention provides an integrated gate drive circuit and a display panel with the same. The integrated gate drive circuit comprises cascaded multistage gate drive units and multistage additional gate drive units, wherein the nth-stage gate drive unit comprises a drive unit (42) and a drop-down unit (44), and the mth-stage additional gate drive unit comprises an additional drive unit (52) and an additional drop-down unit (54). A double-drop-down structure is adopted in the integrated gate drive circuit, a thin film transistor in the drop-down unit and a thin film transistor in the additional drop-down unit in the circuit can be in a bipolar voltage bias working environment, the drift of threshold voltages of the thin film transistor in the drop-down unit and the drift of threshold voltages of the thin film transistor in the additional drop-down unit are restrained effectively, the service life of the circuit is prolonged, and the circuit can meet the demands of large and medium size display panels better. Meanwhile, the circuit is simple in structure, low in power consumption and suitable for working at low temperature and high temperature.

The invention discloses a charging source for a high-voltage capacitor. The charging source comprises a low-voltage rectifying circuit, a bridge type inverter circuit, a resonance circuit, a boosting transformer and a high-voltage rectifying circuit, wherein the low-voltage rectifying circuit is used for performing AC / DC conversion on alternating current to output direct current voltage; the bridge type inverter circuit and the resonance circuit are used for performing resonant conversion on the direct current voltage to output bipolar voltage pulse; the boosting transformer and the high-voltage rectifying circuit are used for converting the bipolar voltage pulse into unipolar voltage pulse to charge the high-voltage capacitor; the bridge type inverter circuit consists of RSD (removable storage device) switch units; and each RSD switch unit comprises an RSD heap, a reverse pick-off diode, a reverse protection diode, a first saturable magnetic switch and an RSD pre-charging circuit, and the RSD heap is formed through series connection and / or parallel connection of one or more RSD devices. The charging source for the high-voltage capacitor can effectively improve the charging efficiency of the high-voltage capacitor, shortens the charging time, and is small in size and low in cost.

A plasma processing system is provided that includes a chamber having a lower electrode coupled to a substrate support and an upper electrode coupled to ground. The plasma processing system having a plasma processing volume that is defined between the upper electrode and the lower electrode. A direct current (DC) to direct current (DC) converter is provided to receive at an input a DC voltage input and supply at an output an amplified DC voltage signal that includes a radio frequency (RF) component. The DC voltage input follows a pulsing pattern that is digitally programmable. The output of the DC to DC convertor is connected to the lower electrode of the chamber. A controller is interfaced with the DC to DC converter to set the pulsing pattern. In one example, the DC to DC converter uses one of a bipolar or non-bipolar DC voltage supply and a RF generator is driven by a DC voltage supply. The RF generator is configured to produce a frequency ripple that defines the RF component.

A voltage polarity conversion circuit is disclosed that can convert the bipolar voltage of the input to unipolar voltage signal. It comprises reference source, diverder resistance R1,R2,input terminal Vin,output terminal Vout. The reference source provides constant output; the voltage is divided by the diverder resistance R2, and superposed to the input voltage VIN to be the output Vout. The circuit can realize the conversion of the bipolar voltage to the unipolar voltage signal, but also lift the tiny voltage signal to fulfill the processing requirement of the rear end components. The battery charging and discharging current detecting circuit can be constructed just by connecting the output of the voltage polarity conversion circuit Vout with microprocessor or digit signal process chip.

A regenerative variable frequency drive includes an active converter connected to a DC bus that is connected to a first inverter that converts DC power to variable frequency, three phase AC power, and variable frequency, three phase AC power to DC power, and to a second inverter that converts DC power to three phase AC sine wave power. The converter converts single phase AC power to DC power and DC power to single phase AC power, and maintains a selected voltage on the DC bus. The converter has an active rectifier and a controller that drives the rectifier with a pulse width modulation according to a hybrid voltage switching scheme that switches the rectifier according to a unipolar voltage switching scheme through most of each cycle and switches the rectifier according to a bipolar voltage switching scheme around each zero crossing.

A bidirectional AC power converter, having a front-end comprising parallel sets of three switches in series, which connects multi-phase AC to coupling transformer through a first set of tank circuits, for synchronously bidirectionally converting electrical power between the multi-phase AC and a DC potential, and for converting electrical power between the DC potential to a bipolar electrical signal at a switching frequency, controlled such that two of each parallel set of three switches in series are soft-switched and the other switch is semi-soft switched; the coupling transformer being configured to pass the bipolar electrical power at the switching frequency through a second set of the tank circuits to a synchronous converter, which in turn transfers the electrical power to a secondary system at a frequency different from the switching frequency.

The invention discloses a single-phase bipolar AC-AC converter topological structure. The single-phase bipolar AC-AC converter topological structure comprises single-phase system alternating current power supply, a power conversion unit, an LC low-pass filter, a load part and a signal control unit. The output end of the single-phase system alternating current power supply is connected with the input end of the power conversion unit, the power conversion unit includes a positive polarity bridge arm and a negative polarity bridge arm, the output end A of the positive polarity bridge arm and theoutput end B of the negative polarity bridge arm are connected to the input end of the LC low-pass filter, and the output end of the LC low-pass filter is connected to the load part. The topological structure solves the problem of commutation in an existing AC-AC converter topological structure and the problem of only being able to output unipolar voltage or bipolar voltage with narrow range, a PWM modulation strategy is used, only two switching tubes perform opening and closing actions in each switching cycle, the total switching loss is effectively reduced, and the efficiency of the converter is improved.

The invention discloses a handheld cortex egersimeter and a cortex electrostimulation. In the cortex egersimeter, a parameter setting circuit and a parameter display circuit are connected with a master control chip, a control end of a bipolar voltage controlled constant current source circuit is connected with a digital-to-analog conversion output port of the master control chip, and an output end of the bipolar voltage controlled constant current source circuit is connected with one end of a stimulating electrode; an input end of a current-to-voltage conversion circuit is connected with the other end of the stimulating electrode, and an output end of the current-to-voltage conversion circuit is connected with an analog-to-digital conversion input port of the master control chip; a real pulse intensity display circuit is connected with the master control chip; an input end of a bipolar voltage generation circuit is connected with another digital-to-analog conversion output port of themaster control chip, and an output end of the bipolar voltage generation circuit is connected with the bipolar voltage controlled constant current source circuit. The method can be used for applying bidirectional pulse simulation with specific frequency, pulse width and current to cortex. The invention has low cost, is simple for operation and does not need the assistance of a computer; in addition, the cortex egersimeter has high safety coefficient and can improve the postoperative life quality of patients with functional region pathological changes.

The invention discloses an MMC-HVDC direct-current transmission line fault positioning method, which comprises the steps of decoupling bipolar voltage through a symmetric component transformation matrix to obtain a line mode component and a zero mode component of the bipolar voltage; carrying out VMD decomposition on the line mode component and the zero mode component, and carrying out parameter alternate optimization on the modal number k and the penalty factor in the decomposition process, so as to enable the values of the modal number k and the penalty factor to be more reasonable; performing analyzing by utilizing S transformation, positioning a fault mutation point, and accurately detecting the time when the wave head of the traveling wave arrives at two sides; and achieving accuratepositioning of the fault of the high-voltage direct-current transmission line by using a fault distance measurement algorithm for eliminating the wave velocity influence. According to the method, thenumber K of modes and the penalty factor are optimized through an alternate parameter optimization method, on the basis, the VMD is used for decomposing the traveling wave signal and extracting the intrinsic mode component of the traveling wave signal, then S transformation is used for accurately positioning a fault mutation point, and finally accurate fault positioning is achieved.

Arrhythmic foci and other driver sites can be mapped using a multi-dimensional catheter. For instance, using a clique of three or more electrodes on the multi-dimensional catheter, an electroanatomical mapping system can identify a maximum bipolar voltage and an average unipolar voltage. The ratio of the average unipolar voltage to the maximum bipolar voltage can be interpreted as an indication of whether a cardiac location is an arrhythmic focus. Alternatively, an evaluation region can be defined about location in the patient's heart. The evaluation includes a plurality of rods, each associated with a respective E-field loop having a respective maximum and minimum amplitude bipole axes, with the rods being defined by the maximum amplitude bipole axes. For a sufficient number of rods within the evaluation region, a focus score for the evaluation region can be computed to reflect rod orientation consistency within the evaluation region.

A ground fault current-limiting circuit for limiting telecommunication wireline voltage and ground fault current to prescribed safety parameters has a ground fault current sense resistor and associated line voltage control circuit installed in a ground-coupling link to the center tap of the output winding of a bipolar voltage converter's output transformer. The control circuit compares ground fault current of either polarity flowing through the sense resistor to a prescribed value. In response to this current limit being exceeded, the control circuit produces an output signal that causes the power source to reduce its output voltage so that the ground fault current will drop to within acceptable limits.

A family of switching amplifiers with reduced component count. The amplifiers have a power modulator (12) comprising ground-referenced switches driving a tapped transformer (T1). A synchronous demodulator (16) transforms modulated voltages back to audio signal. In one embodiment, the synchronous demodulator (16) comprises switches in a H-bridge configuration selectively connecting the transformer (T1) to ground reference through a loudspeaker, driving it with bipolar voltages. Different embodiments using MOSFETs to implement the functions of a synchronous demodulator (16) using bi-directional switches reduce total component count and increase the efficiency of the amplifiers. Timing control of the power modulator (12) and the synchronous demodulator (16) enables zero current switching of the power modulator (12).

The system described herein relates to a high-voltage supply unit for providing an output voltage for a particle beam apparatus, wherein the particle beam apparatus is embodied as, for example, an electron beam apparatus and / or an ion beam apparatus. The system described herein is based on the fact that it was recognized that a bipolar voltage supply unit can be formed by means of a unipolar first current source and a unipolar second current source, said bipolar voltage supply unit enabling a load current in two directions. The high-voltage supply unit according to the system described herein can be operated in the 4-quadrant operation. In the 4-quadrant operation, a first voltage source for supplying the first current source and a second voltage source for supplying the second current source are embodied as different voltage sources.

The utility model relates to a fault location method by utilizing red and green colors to express traveling wave of DC power transmission circuit malfunction voltage, which is characterized in that: when the DC power transmission circuit has malfunction, a bipolar voltage traveling wave at a DC circuit protection place at the rectification side is respectively mapped to a red (R) channel and a green (G) channel to form a color mode pattern of the bipolar voltage traveling wave, front two color mutation places in the color mode pattern are selected, and if the mutated colors at the two places are different, the second color mutation corresponds to a fault point reflected wave; and if the mutated colors at the two places are identical, the second mutation corresponds to an opposite-end marginal reflected wave, an image processing software is used for correctly extracting the time corresponding to the mutation, the time is substituted into a single-end location formula to realize the single-end fault location. While the fault location accuracy is ensured, the fault location is more direct.

The invention describes an apparatus for feeding electrical energy into an energy supply system (8) with a DC voltage transformer (2), which is intended to be connected to a DC voltage generator (1), and an inverter (3) which is connected to the DC voltage transformer (2) and is intended to be connected to the energy supply system (8), with a bipolar voltage intermediate circuit. The DC voltage transformer (2) is constructed according to the invention in such a way that the DC voltage generator (1) can be grounded either at the negative, positive or any central output. For this purpose, a storage inductor (16) is provided which is switched both in a charging cycle and in a discharging cycle in such a way that no currents flow via a grounding line (19) during normal operation.

The invention discloses a self-adjusting bipolar voltage source digital-to-analog converter. The self-adjusting bipolar voltage source digital-to-analog converter comprises a digital-to-analog converter, a reference voltage source, an operational amplifier, a first resistor and a second resistor, wherein a reference voltage generated by the reference voltage source is connected with one end of the first resistor through a buffer; the other end of the first resistor is connected with an opposite-phase input end of the operational amplifier; the second resistor is bridged over the output end and the opposite-phase input end of the operational amplifier; the first resistor and the second resistor have the same resistance; and an alternating current of the same-phase input end of the operational amplifier is grounded; the output end of the buffer and the output end of the operational amplifier are respectively connected to the positive power supply end and the negative power supply end of the digital-to-analog converter. The self-adjusting bipolar voltage source digital-to-analog converter can generate two source digital-to-analog converter reference voltages with the same amplitude and opposite polarities by using only one reference voltage source, and has the characteristics of simple structure and high matching performance.

A liquid crystal display device includes a d.c. voltage source for producing a common voltage such that the common voltage is substantially equal to a central voltage of a bipolar voltage signal.

A charge pump circuit with bipolar output comprises a first set of switch device capable of selectively connecting two terminals of a first transfer capacitor to a voltage source and a ground terminal, respectively, a second set of switch device capable of selectively connecting the two terminals of the first transfer capacitor to a grounded first storage capacitor and the voltage source, respectively, a third set of switch device capable of selectively connecting two terminals of a second transfer capacitor to the first transfer capacitor connected to the voltage source and the ground terminal, respectively, and a fourth set of switch device capable of selectively connecting the two terminals of the second transfer capacitor to a grounded second storage capacitor and the ground terminal, respectively. These four sets of switch devices totally have nine switches, and are collocated with clock signals to be selectively driven by a four-phase signal or a two-phase signal so as to produce bipolar voltages with magnitudes higher than the input voltage and also accomplish the highest conversion efficiency.

The invention provides a dual unipolar voltage module chain and a hybrid multilevel converter, and belongs to the fields of a power electronic technology and power transmission and distribution. The dual unipolar voltage module chain consists of N unipolar voltage modules which are connected in series in sequence, wherein the N unipolar voltage modules comprise N1 positive electrode unipolar voltage modules and N2 negative electrode unipolar voltage modules; when a bidirectional current passes through, bipolar voltage output capability is formed; the hybrid multilevel converter based on the module chain at least comprises two same phases, wherein each phase comprises a dual unipolar voltage module chain, a three-level bridge arm and an electric reactor, wherein one port of the dual unipolar voltage module chain is connected with the midpoint of the three-level bridge arm while the other port of the dual unipolar voltage module chain is connected with one end of the electric reactor; and the other end of the electric reactor is connected with an alternating current voltage. By adoption of the dual unipolar voltage module chain and the hybrid multilevel converter, wide-range alternating current-direct current conversion can be realized at a relatively low engineering cost and in a compact occupied space; and meanwhile, high conversion efficiency, good harmonic characteristic and direct current fault ride-through capability are achieved.