The invention discloses multi-PCR detection primers for detecting four sheep pathogenic bacteria and a detection method. The primers include Klebsiella pneumoniae upstream and downstream primers, proteus mirabilis upstream and downstream primers, escherichia coli upstream and downstream primers and salmonella upstream and downstream primers. According to the detection method, the primers are adopted to perform multi-PCR amplification reaction with Klebsiella pneumoniae DNA, proteus mirabilis DNA, escherichia coli DNA and salmonella DNA as templates, PCR amplification reaction products are added into loading buffer, the mixture is put into agarose gel containing ethidium bromide, and electrophoresis detection is performed to verify the specificity of the primers. The detection method has the advantages that molecular detection with high sensitivity can be achieved just through conventional instruments, and the detection sensitivity of the method is high; meanwhile, no complex operation system is needed, and detection can be performed under common laboratory conditions; besides, the method is easy and fast to implement, high in sensibility and the like.