76 results about "RNA Measurement" patented technology

The invention provides a blind detection method. The method comprises the following steps of: determining a PDCCH DCI format candidate set for blind detection by using the transmission mode and historical dispatching information which are configured by a network for UE, and preliminarily determining the number of CCE resources for bearing a PDCCH by using signal-to-noise ratio measurement results of channels and channel changes of adjacent two-time scheduling so as to effectively reduce trying times of UE PDCCH blind detection. Therefore, the blind detection method can reduce calculated amount and processing complexity of the UE, reduces the power consumption of the UE and improves system performance.

A spread-spectrum preamble synchronization peak detection system performs multiple statistical tests based on instant and time-averaged channel condition measurements to identify the synchronization peak. In a normalized peak-to-average test, a peak-to-average ratio measurement is normalized by a signal-to-noise ratio measurement to form a new statistical measure which effectively eliminates the impact of the wide dynamic range of the signal-to-noise ratio of the received samples. A transition SNR test is used to eliminate potential false alarms caused by spurious PARN peaks during the transition period at the onset of preamble arrival. Code-phase aligned time-averaging is used to estimate the signal and noise levels over a sliding window. The code-phase alignment of samples effectively separates signal and noise samples in the averaging process, and resulting in more accurate signal and noise measurements. In estimating noise levels, the system takes multi-path interference into account by excluding both the peak signal and the side-lobe signals caused by multi-path wireless channels, resulting in more accurate estimation of noise level.

A method for rapid measurement of T1 relaxation comprises a gated, multi-time-point saturation-recovery experiment. Each saturation-recovery experiment may include multiple gating intervals to increase dynamic range of the T1 measurement. Multiple saturation-recovery experiments may also be used to improve accuracy and signal-to-noise of the T1 measurement.

A spectroscopic sensor for measuring flat sheet product is disclosed. The disclosed sensor uses a combination of spectrometers and single-channel detectors and filters together with a broadband source of illumination to optimally measure multiple properties of a flat sheet product. A spectrometer is used to measure over a spectral range where an easily configurable set of wavelength channels is needed and where the signal-to-noise ratios and spectral resolutions of the channels are consistent with the spectral range and number of pixels of the spectrometer; while one or more single channel detector and filter combinations are used to measure, with high signal-to-noise ratio, at specific wavelengths within or outside the spectral range of the spectrometer(s). Therefore, the single channel detectors can be used to complement the information provided by a spectrometer or to extend the working range of a spectrometer by providing single wavelength measurements anywhere in the visible, near-IR or mid-IR spectral regions.

The invention discloses a method and a device for measuring signal to noise ratio, and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps of: performing frequency-domain de-noising on a received uplink signal; performing fast Fourier inverse transform on the uplink signal subjected to the frequency-domain de-noising to acquire a time-domain channel impulse response; acquiring the power of each tap according to the time-domain channel impulse response; and utilizing the power of each time-domain tap to estimate the signal to noise ratio. Through the method and the device for measuring the signal to noise ratio, and the application thereof, the signal to noise ratio of the uplink signal in a long-term evolution LTE system can be effectively measured and the demodulation performance of blind detection on uplink acknowledgement response ACK or non-acknowledgement NACK signals is ensured.

Computer-implemented methods, carrier media, and systems for selecting polarization settings for an inspection system for inspection of a layer of a wafer are provided. One method includes detecting a population of defects on the layer of the wafer using results of each of two or more scans of the wafer performed with different combinations of polarization settings of the inspection system for illumination and collection of light scattered from the wafer. The method also includes identifying a subpopulation of the defects for each of the different combinations, each of which includes the defects that are common to at least two of the different combinations, and determining a characteristic of a measure of signal-to-noise for each of the subpopulations. The method further includes selecting the polarization settings for the illumination and the collection to be used for the inspection corresponding to the subpopulation having the best value for the characteristic.

An apparatus and method for performing asynchronous speech recognition using multiple microphones are disclosed. The apparatus includes a microphone selection unit, a signal-to-noise ratio measurement unit, a speech recognition and verification unit, and a final recognition result output unit. The microphone selection unit selects two or more microphones responsive to a user's voice from among a plurality of microphones distributed around the user. The signal-to-noise ratio measurement unit measures the signal to noise ratios of inputs of the selected two or more microphones. The speech recognition and verification unit performs speech recognition using the input of the microphone having a highest signal to noise ratio, and verifies the speech recognition using the inputs of the remaining microphones. The final recognition result output unit outputs the final recognition results of the user's voice based on the results of the speech recognition and verification unit.

Differences in the interferometric patterns of modulated telecommunication signals and broadband optical noise sources are identified and are exploited in measuring the optical signal-to-noise measurements in reconfigurable photonic networks. A light output power from said interferometer corresponding to a specified delay setting in the interferometer is measured, and a coherent optical signal is distinguished from the incoherent optical noise based on the light output power measurement.

46. A measurement method of signal / noise ratio based on an array antenna mobile communication system: customer initial transmitted power, and get the customer initial transmitted power; control and valuate results by the fed-back power, and adjust the customer transmitted power, get the customer transmitted power of the frame; the transmitted power of the frame passing a radio transmission channel, antennas in a base station receive the customer signals, and convert them into baseband digital signals; estimate the customer channel, get the estimated values after the customer experiences the channel impulse response; based on the estimated values of the customer channel impulse response in each array element, estimate the covariance matrix; decompose eigenvalues, get the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the customer, determine the average noise power and the signal power of the customer, measure the signal / noise ratio; compare the measured signal / noise ratio with the goal signal / noise ratio, get results about the controlled transmitted power, and feedback.

A television signal processing apparatus comprising a receiver comprises a distortion estimator and an automatic gain control signal generator. The automatic gain control signal generator generates a plurality of automatic gain control and filter response control signals in response to the magnitude or signal to noise ratio of an RF signal and a non-linear distortion figure generated from the information carried by said RF signal. The distortion estimator uses a plurality of statistical methods to generate a non-linear distortion figure from the signal constellation of the information carried by said RF signal.

The invention discloses a self-adjustment Kalman filtering-based pseudo-range smoothing method by using Doppler frequency shift and carrier phase and belongs to the global satellite navigation system pseudo-range single-point positioning field. According to the method of the invention, the Doppler frequency shift is utilized to estimate the initial value of a code pseudorange; cycle slip detection is completed based on the carrier phase, and therefore, the smoothing mode of a Kalman filter and the variance of process noises can be determined; the self-adjustment of the observation noise variance of the Kalman filter is realized through using the change condition of the measured value of a signal to noise ratio; and finally, the smoothing of the code pseudo-range is completed. With the method adopted, the problem of low precision of the code pseudo-range is solved, influence on pseudo-range smoothing of the carrier phase caused by cycle slip is eliminated, high-precision pseudo-ranges can be obtained under a complex environment, and therefore, the accuracy of single-point positioning can be improved. The method is not restricted to static positioning conditions and has a bright broad application prospect.

The invention provides a once signal to noise ratio measuring method and a device based on a chirp pulse feature. The once signal to noise ratio measuring method and the device based on the chirp pulse feature can measure a signal to noise ratio of a once pulse. The principles include that a pumping probe light path is built by optical Kerr effect. The measuring device broadens probe light as chirp laser pulse in time and space by a grating or a prism. The probe light transmits from an analyzer due to the optical Kerr effect, a transmitted signal is collected by a scientific-level charge-coupled device (CCD), and signal to noise ratio of the laser pulse to be detected is obtained. The method introduces large negative dispersion amount by the grating or the prism, broadens probe light pulse to hundreds of picoseconds or more, and enables time window to reach hundreds of picoseconds or more. Meanwhile, a spatial light modulator is inserted in the probe light path so as to finally increase dynamic scopes.

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for producing high signal to noise spectral measurements in optical detector arrays and in particular to uncooled linear CCD arrays. This is accomplished by providing a detector and a database of dark signal readings unique to that detector that is generally created at the time of manufacture and that can then be used to provide a value for the dark signal inherent to that detector that can be used to correct the measured signal. The detector also includes a means to measure its temperature so that the appropriate dark signal value can be subtracted from the measured signal. This is because the dark signal is a function of both the temperature and the exposure time.

Systems and methods are described that measure the OSNR of an optical channel. Embodiments provide OSNR measurement methods that distinguish the intensities of the coherent modulated signal from the incoherent noise intensity occupying the same optical band using a calibration factor ζ.

The invention discloses a single picosecond pulse signal-to-noise ratio measuring instrument. Based on the correlative measuring scheme of an optical imaging system, the measuring instrument comprises a frequency doubling crystal, a harmonic separation reflection mirror, a fundamental frequency reflection mirror, a frequency doubling reflection mirror, a sum frequency crystal, an optical imaging system, a detector with high dynamic range and a data acquisition processing system. The invention can realize the high dynamic range signal-to-noise ratio measurement of single picosecond pulse, wherein the time measuring range is 150ps, the time resolution is 3ps and the dynamic range is 108. The invention can realize the signal-to-noise ratio measurement in the high dynamic range of -150ps.

An optical packet switching system includes an optical packet generator for generating an optical packet signal, an optical packet switching unit, provided with an optical switch, for switching the route of an inputted optical packet signal by controlling on / off of the optical switch, and an optical signal-to-noise ratio measuring unit for measuring the optical signal-to-noise ratio of the optical packet signal outputted from the optical packet switching unit. When switching the route of the optical packet signal, the optical packet switching unit outputs an optical packet signal with optical noise by keeping the optical switch on longer than the time width of the packet signal. The optical signal-to-noise ratio measuring unit measures the optical signal power and the optical noise power, respectively, in the optical packet signal with optical noise and measures the optical signal-to-noise ratio by calculating the ratio between the optical signal power and the optical noise power.

The present invention can eliminate the multipath effect, channel interference and Doppler effect in mobile communication. The reception method includes the direct treatment of the received RF baseband signal with filter, multiplier and preset data and the direct feeding of the treated signal to the software adjudication decoder. The RAKE receiver of the present invention consists of matching filter, delay search tracker, predicting filter, smoothing filter, delay regulator, multiplier, multipath adder, filter parameter data base, S / N measuring comparator and one-out-of-three selector.

A spread-spectrum preamble synchronization peak detection system performs multiple statistical tests based on instant and time-averaged channel condition measurements to identify the synchronization peak. In a normalized peak-to-average test, a peak-to-average ratio measurement is normalized by a signal-to-noise ratio measurement to form a new statistical measure which effectively eliminates the impact of the wide dynamic range of the signal-to-noise ratio of the received samples. A transition SNR test is used to eliminate potential false alarms caused by spurious PARN peaks during the transition period at the onset of preamble arrival. Code-phase aligned time-averaging is used to estimate the signal and noise levels over a sliding window. The code-phase alignment of samples effectively separates signal and noise samples in the averaging process, and resulting in more accurate signal and noise measurements. In estimating noise levels, the system takes multi-path interference into account by excluding both the peak signal and the side-lobe signals caused by multi-path wireless channels, resulting in more accurate estimation of noise level.

The invention provides a method for measuring the maximum signal to noise ratio of a remote sensing image. The method for measuring the maximum signal to noise ratio of the remote sensing image comprises the steps that an image sample area is extracted automatically through a sliding window, traversal analysis is conducted on an image to be tested, multiple sample statistic extreme values of the image are obtained, and then the maximum signal to noise ratio of the image to be tested is calculated by combining the sample statistic extreme values. According to the method for measuring the maximum signal to noise ratio of the remote sensing image, the detail information of the image can be effectively mined, the defect that according to existing main methods, the requirements for a sample area for measurement of the maximum signal to noise ratio are high is overcome, and the universality is achieved; in addition, measurement is conducted automatically, the influence of human factors is avoided, the unique maximum signal to noise ratio measurement result is obtained, and the repeatability is high. Based on all the advantages, the method has the broad application prospect and high application value in extraction and evaluation of information of remote sensing images.

The application provides a power control method and device of a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH). The method specifically comprises the following steps of: receiving uplink data including uplink detection reference signals and PUCCH channel data; estimating timing deviation of the PUCCH channel data according to the uplink detection reference signals; processing the PUCCH channel data to obtain a corresponding signal-to-noise ratio measurement value; compensating the signal-to-noise ratio measurement value according to a mapping relationship between the energy leakage percentage of a time domain diameter and the timing deviation of the PUCCH channel data and preset timing deviation in a PUCCH channel environment to obtain a non-leakage signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio measurement value; and performing close loop power control on the PUCCH channel according to the non-leakage signal-to-noise ratio corresponding to the signal-to-noise ratio measurement value. The power control method and device can improve the precision of the close loop power control of the PUCCH channel.

The invention discloses a method for cooperative spectrum sensing optimization based on signal to noise ratio screening. The problem that part of cognitive nodes located in the severe environment affect the overall sensing performance when cooperative spectrum sensing is actually applied can be effectively solved. The method comprises the steps that local signal to noise ratios of the cognitive nodes are measured, judgment results and a real-time signal to noise ratio condition are reported to a data fusion center, a signal to noise ratio threshold value is set by the data fusion center according to the whole signal to noise ratio condition of a system, the signal to noise ratios of the cognitive nodes are compared and screened, the judgment results satisfy the requirement of a condition cognitive node will participate in overall cooperation, and a cooperation judgment result is an overall judgment result. When the signal to noise ratio threshold value is set and the signal to noise ratios are screened and compared, the value of an adjustment factor can be dynamically changed, the screening dimension is controlled, and therefore the system performance is optimized. The method is quite low in computation complexity, only simple comparison and screening operation is needed, computation is completed at the side of the data fusion center, and the method is simple and easy to conduct.

The invention relates to a detecting device for laser noise-signal ratio, comprising a light source, a beam splitter, a beam expander, a single-pulse optical delayer, an optical Kerr-like medium and a detector; the beam splitter is arranged at the output light path of the light source, and divides the light source into shutter light and signal light; the beam expander is arranged at the output light path of the signal light which is divided by the beam splitter; the single-pulse optical delayer is arranged at the output light path of the beam expander; the optical Kerr-like medium is arranged at the cross location in space of the output light path of the single-pulse optical delayer and the output light path of the shutter light divided by the beam splitter; the detector is connected with the optical Kerr-like medium. The invention provides the detecting device for laser noise-signal ratio which can detect the noise-signal ratio for hundreds of picoseconds before and after the laser main pulse, and can detect the single-pulse laser noise-signal ratio, and can measure the laser-pulse noise-signal ratio of repeated frequency.

The invention belongs to the technical field of optics, and relates to a measuring device and method, in particular to a device and method for measuring the signal-to-noise ratio based on a single pulse for generating a pulse sequence. The device comprises a beam splitter, a double-sided reflection mirror, a reflection mirror, a first sum-frequency crystal, a second sum-frequency crystal, a dichroscope, a lambda / 2 half-wave plate, a lens, a stepping motor and a detector CCD. The measured single pulse obtains the curve that the strength of the third harmonic pulse sequence changes along with retardation through the elements, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the measured single pulse is calculated through the curve. The method is simple in principle, the device is compact in structure, debugging is easy, and measurement precision is high.

The invention provides an accurate measurement method for the signal-to-noise ratio of a fiber optic spectrometer. The method includes the following steps that first, related devices are connected; second, measurement on the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber optic spectrometer under different light intensities is achieved; third, the specific value between a correction average value mu of a signal corresponding to the ith exposure pixel of an array photoelectric detector and a jittering value sigma of a signal deflection average value is calculated through N times of signal acquisition and measurement. By the adoption of the scheme, the method can adapt to the measurement requirement of the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber optic spectrometer, not only can influences of stray light be decreased or reduced, but also the intensity of incident light of the fiber optic spectrometer can be conveniently and fast changed through a variable optical attenuator, and accurate measurement on the signal-to-noise ratio of the fiber optic spectrometer under different light intensities is achieved.

An embodiment of the invention provides a positioning signal processing method, a device thereof and equipment. The method comprises the steps of receiving a positioning signal transmitted from each positioning satellite, and acquiring a measured value of the signal-to-noise ratio of each positioning signal; for aiming at each positioning, pre-estimating the signal-to-noise ratio of the positioning signal for obtaining the estimated value of the signal-to-noise ratio of the positioning signal, calculating the difference between the measured value of the signal-to-noise ratio of the positioningsignal and the estimated value of the signal-to-noise ratio of the positioning signal for obtaining a signal-to-noise ratio residual error of the positioning signal; clustering the obtained signal-to-noise ratio residual error for obtaining clustering subsets and the average value of the signal-to-noise ratio residual error included in each clustering subset; selecting the clustering subset withleast average value; and filtering the positioning signal except for a first-kind positioning signal in the received positioning signal, wherein the first-kind positioning signal is the positioning signal which corresponds with the signal-to-noise ratio residual error in the selected clustering subset. The positioning signal processing method, the device thereof and the equipment can improve positioning precision in real-time dynamic positioning.

An apparatus and method for routing on a mobile ad-hoc network are provided. The apparatus and method allow each node in a network to: measure a packet transmission rate to a neighboring node using a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR); measure variation in the number of nodes due to their insertion or deletion; distribute relative packet transmission time relative to the SNR, which is measured using the packet transmission rate; and determine a routing path using the stored relative packet transmission time relative to the SNR. The apparatus includes a transceiver that receives a reply packet from a neighboring node, a measuring unit that uses the reply packet to measure movement of the neighboring node and a relative packet transmission time thereto, and a routing path determination unit that uses the relative packet transmission time to determine a routing path in the network.

The present invention provides a method and a device for controlling power of downlink closed-loop, wherein the method comprises the following steps: A. pre-establishing a predictive matrix used for calculating the coefficient of fitting curve; B. recording the measured value of signal-to-noise ratio of current subframe and n-1 subframes before the current subframe; C. calculating the coefficient of fitting curve according to the measured value of predictive matrix and the recorded n signal-to-noise ratios for further obtaining the assured fitting curve; D. calculating the predicted value of signal-to-noise ratio of next subframe time according to the assured fitting value; and E. comparing the predicted value of signal-to-noise ratio with the target value of signal-to-noise ratio, and generating power control command word according to the comparing result. The method and the device of the invention realizes an accurate control to the downlink transmitting power thereby reducing the power consumption of whole network.

The invention relates to a signal-to-noise ratio measuring method and device for a PUCCH (Physical Uplink Control Channel). The signal-to-noise ratio measuring method for the PUCCH comprises the following steps of: calculating a signal power P of UE (User Equipment) through both a data part and a pilot signal part of each UE on the PUCCH in the format of 1, 1a and 1b, and calculating a noise interference power Pn through interference codes increased due to the introduction of an orthogonal sequence Wd3, thereby obtaining a signal-to-noise ratio of the UE. The signal-to-noise ratio measuring device comprises a receiving signal processing module, an extracting module, a signal power calculating module, a noise interference power calculating module and a signal-to-noise ratio calculating module. According to the signal-to-noise ratio measuring method and device for the PUCCH provided by the invention, the accuracy of signal-to-noise ratio of the UE is increased, and performances of a system are improved.

A method in accordance with the present invention includes the steps of: separating an eddy current signal into an X-axis component and a Y-axis component to obtain signal waveform data of the respective components; excluding predetermined low-frequency components respectively from the respective signal waveform data thus obtained; calculating a noise voltage value V1 defined by the following Equation (1) based upon voltage values X(i) and Y(i) of the signal waveform data of the X-axis component and the Y-axis component from which the low-frequency components have been excluded; and calculating an S / N ratio by dividing a voltage value D of an eddy current signal corresponding to a predetermined artificial flaw by the noise voltage value V1:V1=π / n·∑i=1n(X(i)2+Y(i)2)1 / 2(1)where n represents the number of samplings of the signal waveform data.