The invention provides a method for preparing thymosin alpha 1 by liquid phase fragment condensation, belonging to the technical field of biochemistry. According to the method, high capacity value (not less than 0.8mmol / g) resin is used as a starting material, firstly, a standard solid phase polypeptide synthesis (SPPS) technology is adopted for synthesizing a high-purity peptide fragments with selected structures, then, a liquid phase condensation technology is adopted for connecting the peptide fragments, and thus, a high-purity (more than 99%) target peptide is obtained. Compared with the solid phase thymosin alpha 1 synthesis technology, the method provided by the invention avoids the problem of low coupling ratio of amino acids behind the 12th position, and greatly improves yield (up to 25-30%) of the thymosin alpha 1; meanwhile, the peptide fragment formed by solid phase synthesis is free from purification, post-treatment technology is simplified, finally, the thymosin alpha 1 is purified by means of high performance liquid chromatography, preparation difficulty is reduced, preparation times is decreased, synthesis cost of the thymosin alpha 1 is lowered, and implementation of large-scale and industrialized production is facilitated.