The invention belongs to the technical field of emulsion adhesives and particularly relates to a quick-sticking type modified chloride butyl acrylic emulsion as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The emulsion is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 0-20 parts of chloride butyl emulsion, 0-30 parts of methyl methacrylate, 0-30 parts of styrene, 0-30 parts of acrylonitrile, 250-300 parts of ethylhexyl acrylate, 1-2.5 parts of hydroxyethyl methylacrylate, 2-10 parts of acrylic acid, 1-6 parts of alkylphenol ether OP, 2-8 parts of lauryl sodium sulfate, 300-400 parts of water, 3-8 parts of potassium persulfate or sodium persulfate, wherein the solid content of the chloride butyl emulsion is 50%. The preparation method of the quick-sticking type modified chloride butyl acrylic emulsion has the advantages of being convenient and quick, relatively high in reaction efficiency, small in monomer residue and uniform in product appearance. The obtained modified chloride butyl acrylic emulsion has the advantages of being stable, quick in sticking and strong in adhesive strength, capable of meeting the comprehensive requirements of a high-performance chloride butyl acrylic emulsion adhesive.