The invention belongs to the technical field of precision measurement and the field of
optical engineering, and particularly relates to an auto-collimation three-dimensional angle measuring device andmethod based on polarizing
beam splitting. The device is composed of a
light source, a
polarizer, a
beam splitter, a polarizing
beam splitter, image sensors, a collimating mirror, a fixed
plane mirror and a cooperative target. According to the method, a measuring beam is divided into two mutually perpendicular measuring light by the cooperative target, the measuring light returns after being reflected by the fixed
plane mirror and the cooperative target, and corresponding images are separately formed on the image sensors; and the positions of the two images are adopted to calculate a
pitch angle, a
yaw angle and a roll angle of the cooperative target with respect to an
optical axis, so that a capability of detecting a three-dimensional corner of the measured object space. Since the principle of
optical lever amplification is adopted to the roll angle and is consistent with the measurement principle of the
pitch angle and the
yaw angle, therefore, the technical advantages of high precision and large working distance for the three-dimensional angle measurement are achieved, and the
advantage that the measurement accuracy is increased under the same working distance or the working distance is increased under the same
measurement precision is achieved; two measuring light spots are received by two image sensors, the requirements for the subsequent
image processing technique is reduced, and the
frequency response of the measuring device is improved; and in addition, the designed cooperative target has the technical advantages of simple structure and low production cost.