The invention discloses a UWB based fork truck anti-collision system and method. The system comprises fork truck module which is arranged in a fork truck and a warehouse module which is placed in a warehouse. The fork truck module comprises a storage battery pack of the fork truck, a vehicle-mounted tablet computer, a UWB reader, a UWB antenna and a UWB label placed at the top of the truck, wherein the UWB antenna is connected with the UWB reader via a serial port, and the storage battery pack of the fork truck supplies power to the UWB reader. Power consumption of the UWB label is extremely low, so that a dry cell is used to supply power to the label, and one AAA cell can satisfy power requirements of the label for one year. The warehouse module comprises a power supply module, a reference label, a UWB antenna, a UWB reader, a synchronization distributor, a switch, a server and a display, wherein the UWB antenna is connected with the UWB reader via the serial port, then to the synchronization distributor via a cable, and finally to the server via the Ethernet switch; and the power supply module (namely, the storage battery pack of the fork truck) uses 48V DC to supply power to the UWB reader.