The invention discloses a dyeing method for improving the dyeing performance of polyimide fibers. The method comprises the steps of pretreatment liquid preparation, fiber pretreatment, fiber dyeing and fiber color fixation. According to the dyeing method provided by the invention, the dyeing performance of the polyimide fibers can be effectively improved, the fiber dye uptake, the fixation rate and the K/S value of the fabric are remarkably improved, and the wet color fastness and the rubbing color fastness of the fabric are improved. The process disclosed by the invention is simple in steps, high in dyeing efficiency, capable of remarkably reducing the use amount of cationic dyes and reducing environmental pollution, green and friendly; the adopted chemical pretreatment process is simple and efficient, and the dyeing performance of the polyimide fibers can be remarkably improved; and the cationic dyes are bright in color and not prone to fading, and the efficient and lasting dyeing effect can be achieved. According to the dyeing method for improving the dyeing performance of the polyimide fibers provided by the invention, on the basis that simple and efficient chemical pretreatment is carried out on the polyimide fibers, the dyeing performance of the polyimide fibers is enhanced, the dyeing efficiency of the dyeing process is further improved, the influence on the mechanical performance of the fibers is small, the environmental friendliness is improved, and wide application of the polyimide fibers and fabrics in the field of clothing can be promoted.