The invention discloses tea polyphenol cellulose fiber which is composed of, by weight, 5-10% of tea polyphenol and 90-95% of cellulose, wherein the tea polyphenol is grafted on the cellulose through a coupling agent. A preparation method of the tea polyphenol cellulose fiber includes following steps: (1), preparing tea polyphenol pretreatment liquid: preparing a tea polyphenol water solution of 10-20% in mass fraction, adjusting pH value of the tea polyphenol water solution to 4-5, heating the tea polyphenol water solution to 70-80 DEG C, dropwise adding a silane coupling agent, increasing temperature of a system to 100-130 DEG C after dropwise adding is finished, maintaining reaction for 8-10h, adjusting pH value of reaction liquid to 7-8 to obtain the tea polyphenol pretreatment liquid, and cooling to room temperature for standby use; (2), performing viscose grafting treatment: adding the tea polyphenol pretreatment liquid into viscose, sufficiently mixing, entering a ripening intermediate bucket constantly maintained in a stirring state, and maintaining reaction for 30-36h to obtain tea polyphenol pre-grafting viscose; (3), directing spinning, washing and drying the tea polyphenol pre-grafting viscose obtained in the step (2) to obtain the tea polyphenol cellulose fiber.