Provided are a machine-developable lithographic printing plate precursor, and a method for producing a lithographic printing plate or a lithographic printing method using the machine-developable lithographic printing plate precursor. The machine-developable lithographic printing plate precursor has, in order, a support, an image-recording layer, and an outermost layer. The outermost layer has an island-in-sea structure including a discontinuous phase containing a hydrophobic polymer and a continuous phase containing a water-soluble polymer.