The invention encompasses multi-stage naturally amplified global-scale
carbon dioxide capture systems combining basic capture from (CCS—carbon capture and sequestration) clean-
coal-fired and CCS gas-fired power plants, CCS natural-gas reformation systems, CCS
cement plants, outdoor air, CCS home and building flues, CCS incinerators, CCS crematoriums, CCS blast-furnaces, CCS kilns, CCS refineries, CCS factories, CCS oil gasification systems and CCS
coal gasification systems which yield concentrated
carbon dioxide, with a collective, globally distributed capture capacity of up to 3 GtC / yr, feeding the captured
carbon dioxide into land-based invention stage-1 bioreactors for rapid, selective, high capacity conversion to a high-density, fast-sinking marine
algae by means of accelerated
photosynthesis and / or coccolithogenesis (
calcification) consuming carbon dioxide as the
algae bloom, and transporting a primary fraction of the stage-1
bioreactor-produced
algae to seaports for seeding the oceans at regular intervals in stage-2 operations-at-sea to produce naturally amplified 14 GtC / yr algal blooms at sea, the stage-2 operations circumventing classic prior-art (and natural) ocean fertilization limits of low bloom rate, grazers eating algae seed before it blooms, interfering buoyant
algal species which don't clear the
photic zone to allow
light penetration for multiple blooms per year, and proximal post-bloom anoxia, and reserving a secondary fraction of the stage-1
bioreactor produced algae for feeding cultures of ocean grazers contained in a second
bioreactor, in which the second bioreactor produces dimethylsulfide (DMS), a natural
cloud seeding agent as the bioreactor-contained ocean grazer cultures eat the secondary fraction of stage-1 original bioreactor-produced algae. A total invention CO2 capture and
safe storage capacity of 17 GtC / yr (land and sea) is projected during fair-weather, and a 40% foul weather down-time allowance ensures that an average 10 GtC / yr of
impact capture would result. If emissions are concurrently capped by at 12 GtC / yr by 2023, with invention-assisted reduction to 6 GtC / yr by 2050, 3 GtC / yr by 2062, and 1 GtC / yr by 2078, atmospheric CO2 will be reduced to 280 ppm by 2075. The CIP invention production of DMS (both inland invention DMS production and invention ocean-amplified DMS production following ocean-amplified algal blooming and ocean-amplified capture of atmospheric CO2) may be used to seed rain-clouds over or adjacent to semi-
arid lands, enabling drought and famine relief. If the rain clouds are seeded adjacent to semi-
arid lands, winds may drive the rain clouds over the drought stressed lands.A spin-off technology includes use of excess dead bioreactor algae for agricultural soil spreads to enhance soil
moisture retention—which is important in maximizing drought relief.