The invention provides an aircraft takeoff-landing magnetorheological fluid boosting / damping runway of an aircraft carrier. The runway is formed by assembling magnetorheological fluid boosting / damping units. Each magnetorheological fluid boosting / damping unit is composed of a radar probe, a damping magnetorheological fluid pack, a protection mat, a magnetorheological fluid control device, a closed side guard, a magnetorheological fluid delivery pipe, an accumulator, a control ECU, an electric / power generating hydraulic pump, a reflux accumulation magnetorheological fluid pack, a reflux accumulation magnetorheological fluid pack electromagnetic extrusion device, a pressure sensor and the like, the bottom surface of the damping magnetorheological fluid pack communicates with the magnetorheological fluid delivery pipe, and the magnetorheological fluid delivery pipe passes through the magnetorheological fluid control device, and communicates with the reflux accumulation magnetorheological fluid pack after being connected with the electric / power generating hydraulic pump in series. According to the invention, landing damping and takeoff boosting can be realized for an aircraft, the instantaneous impact momentum of bullets, that is shrapnels is absorbed, and the momentum passes a circulation liquid flow generating system after being absorbed. Compared with the current aircraft carrier arresting cable, the runway is simple in structure, does not cause casualties, and has good research and development prospects.