The present invention relates to methods of stimulating stem cell proliferation and engraftment, and methods of preventing and/or treating disorders associated with radiation exposure, chemotherapy, exposed to chemical/biological warfare agents, and/or any other insults affecting rapidly proliferating tissues in a body, or one or more symptoms thereof. In particular, the present invention provides methods of stimulating stem cell proliferation and/or engraftment and methods of preventing and/or treating disorders associated with one or more insults affecting rapidly proliferating tissues in a body (e.g., radiation exposure, chemical and/or biological insults) or one or more symptoms thereof by administering to a subject a composition comprising a Fibroblast Growth Factor-20 (FGF-20) protein, or its fragments, derivatives, variants, homologs, analogs, or a combination thereof.