The invention discloses a composite photocatalytic antibacterial material and a preparation method thereof; particularly, a ytterbium-erbium co-doped sodium yttrium fluoride (NaYF4:Yb,Er) and manganese-doped zinc oxide are combined to prepare the photocatalytic antibacterial material driven by visible/near-infrared light. The preparation method comprises the steps: together dissolving sodium chloride, yttrium acetate, ytterbium acetate, erbium acetate and ammonium fluoride in an ethylene glycol/water mixed solvent, and carrying out a microwave assisted solvothermal reaction to obtain NaYF4:Yb,Er spherical nanoparticles; dispersing the NaYF4:Yb,Er in an isopropanol/water/ammonia water mixed solvent, adding tetraethyl orthosilicate, and carrying out hydrolysis for 5 h, to obtain an NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 core-shell structure; and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion of the NaYF4:Yb,Er@SiO2 in diethylene glycol, adding a zinc salt and a manganese salt, carrying out a heating reflux reaction at the temperature of 180 DEG C for 1-6 h, then washing, drying, and calcining for 2 h at the temperature of 500 DEG C to obtain the product. The material can convert the visible/near-infrared light into UV/visible light, manganese-doped zinc oxide absorbs the UV/visible light to produce electrons-holes, and the electrons-holes act on the environment to produce free radicals to participate in a sterilization process, and the material can be used in the field of photodynamic therapy.