The invention discloses a partial discharge electro-acoustic signals synchronous monitoring device for a CPLD (complex programmable logic device)-based transformer. The device comprises a CPLD control module, as well as a sensor module, a signal conditioning module, a four-channel synchronous sampling ADC (analog to digital converter), a deserializer module, an FIFO (first in first out) storer, a PCI (peripheral component interconnect) bus interface circuit and a host computer which are respectively connected with the CPLD control module. After the device is used, the signal conditioning, the synchronous A/D (analog to digital) sampling and the data placement are carried out on a plurality of electro-acoustic signals generated by the partial discharge of the transformer by the CPLD control signal conditioning module, the four-channel synchronous sampling ADC and the FIFO storer, and the electro-acoustic signals are uploaded to the host computer through a PCI bus to be comprehensively analyzed and processed, so that the wideband electro-acoustic signals can be synchronously monitored on the line, the integrated partial discharge signal characteristic can be timely obtained, the monitoring veracity can be improved, and the device is high in reliability, high in anti-jamming capability, and stable to run.